Nokea
A 50-year-old patient asks the nurse about her risk of developing a cancer of the reproductive system. What is the appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. Human papilloma virus infection and cigarette smoking are major risk factors for cervical cancer.
- B. Some of the risk factors for endometrial cancer include being age 40 or older and having a history of infertility.
- C. Ovarian cancer is not often seen in women under age 50 or those who have a family history of breast cancer.
- D. Women who have had menstrual irregularities for many years are at lower risk of developing any of the reproductive system cancers.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and cigarette smoking are major risk factors for cervical cancer.
Step 2: The patient is 50 years old, which puts her at risk for cervical cancer.
Step 3: HPV infection and smoking increase the risk of cervical cancer.
Step 4: Therefore, the appropriate response by the nurse is A.
Summary:
B: Endometrial cancer risk factors include obesity, not age 40, and infertility is not a primary risk factor.
C: Ovarian cancer can occur in women under 50 and family history of breast cancer is not a definitive protective factor.
D: Menstrual irregularities do not necessarily lower the risk of reproductive system cancers.
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A male nurse is teaching a client about the scrotum and the ability of sperm to be effective in fertility. The nurse teaches the client that the sperm is contained in the testes and that its temperature is regulated by which of the following?
- A. Penis and surrounding structures
- B. Bladder tone
- C. Structure of the scrotum
- D. Smooth and skeletal muscles in the scrotum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The scrotum contains smooth and skeletal muscles that help regulate the temperature necessary for spermatogenesis.
Which of the following reasons should a nurse provide a client when asked about the purpose of a Papanicolaou test?
- A. It is used to detect early breast cancer.
- B. It is used to detect early cancer of the Cervix.
- C. It is used to detect the fertility status of the woman.
- D. It is used to detect early stages of an STD.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Pap test is specifically designed to detect early cervical cancer.
A client with phimosis is not a candidate for surgery. Which of the following suggestions should a nurse give the client?
- A. Apply a skin cream and try retracting the tissue.
- B. Wash under the foreskin daily and seek care if he cannot retract the tissue.
- C. Apply warm soaks to the foreskin.
- D. Take sitz baths regularly until the tissue retracts.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Proper hygiene and seeking care if issues persist are important for managing phimosis non-surgically.
Fecundation:
- A. is monospermic;
- B. consists in the fusion between the male and female gametes;
- C. consists in the grafting of the egg at the level of the Fallopian tube;
- D. requires the existence of several fecundated spermatozoa;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: consists in the fusion between the male and female gametes. Fecundation, also known as fertilization, is the process where a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to form a zygote. This is a crucial step in sexual reproduction. The male gamete (sperm) and the female gamete (egg) come together to combine their genetic material, resulting in the formation of a new individual. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Monospermic means involving only one sperm, which is not accurate as multiple sperm may reach the egg but only one will fertilize it. C) Grafting of the egg at the Fallopian tube is not how fertilization occurs; fertilization typically takes place in the fallopian tube but does not involve grafting. D) Fecundation does not require the existence of several fecundated spermatozoa; only one sperm is needed for fertilization to occur.
The general meaning of the term "corpus" is best described by which of the following?
- A. Abdomen
- B. Body
- C. Death
- D. Head
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Body. Corpus commonly refers to a collection of written or spoken texts, which together form a body of work. "Body" is the best choice as it encompasses the idea of a collection or group of related items. A is incorrect as it refers specifically to the abdomen, not the general term. C, Death, and D, Head, are unrelated to the general meaning of "corpus" as they do not convey the idea of a body or collection.