Pediatrics Baby Fell off Bed Questions

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A 58-year-old man is diagnosed with cancer of the larynx. Which of the ff. are early symptoms of this cancer?

  • A. Anemia and fatigue
  • B. A noticeable lump in the neck
  • C. Crackles and stridor
  • D. Dysphagia or hoarseness
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Early symptoms of cancer of the larynx typically include persistent hoarseness or a change in the voice quality. This may be due to the tumor affecting the vocal cords. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can also be an early sign. As the tumor grows, it may cause obstruction or compression in the throat, leading to difficulties in swallowing. These symptoms should prompt further evaluation by a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment planning. Anemia and fatigue (Choice A) are more general symptoms that can occur in cancer patients but are not typically specific to laryngeal cancer. The presence of a noticeable lump in the neck (Choice B) may indicate swelling of lymph nodes due to cancer spread but is not an early symptom commonly associated with laryngeal cancer. Crackles and stridor (Choice C) are respiratory sounds associated with conditions affecting the airways and are less likely to be early symptoms

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During examination of a toddler's extremities, the nurse notes that the child is bowlegged. What should the nurse recognize regarding this finding?

  • A. Abnormal and requires further investigation
  • B. Abnormal unless it occurs in conjunction with knock-knee
  • C. Normal if the condition is unilateral or asymmetric
  • D. Normal because the lower back and leg muscles are not yet well developed
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bowlegged appearance in a toddler is not considered normal and should prompt further investigation by a healthcare provider. Bowlegs, also known as genu varum, can be caused by various underlying conditions such as vitamin D deficiency, rickets, or genetic factors. It is important to determine the cause of bowleggedness in order to provide appropriate treatment or interventions to promote proper development of the child's legs. Bowleggedness on its own is not considered a normal variation in toddler development and warrants further assessment.

A 2-year-old child is being evaluated for a right flank mass; radiological appearance is consistent with rupture of Wilms tumor. The BEST therapeutic approach for this child is

  • A. radiotherapy
  • B. concomitant chemotherapy-radiotherapy
  • C. another surgery
  • D. observation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are essential to manage ruptured Wilms tumor and reduce the risk of dissemination.

diagnosis of congenital heart disease usually through

  • A. cardiac catheterization.
  • B. chest x-ray and ECG.
  • C. echocardiogram.
  • D. all of the above.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The diagnosis of congenital heart disease is most commonly done through an echocardiogram, which is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. This imaging technique allows healthcare providers to visualize any abnormalities in the heart's structure and how it is functioning. While cardiac catheterization and chest x-ray with ECG can also provide valuable information, an echocardiogram is the primary diagnostic tool for identifying congenital heart defects due to its accuracy, safety, and non-invasiveness.

A client is receiving methotrexate (Mexate), 12g/m2 IV to treat osteogenic carcinoma. During methotrexate therapy, the nurse expects the client to receive which other drug to protect normal cells?

  • A. Probenecid (Benemid)
  • B. Cytarabine (ara-C, cystosine arabinoside [Cytosar-U])
  • C. Thioguanine (6-thioguanine, 6-TG)
  • D. Leucovorin (Citrovorum factor or folinic acid [wellcovirin])
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Leucovorin, also known as folinic acid, is given concurrently with methotrexate therapy to protect normal cells from the toxic effects of methotrexate. Methotrexate is a folate antagonist that affects both cancer cells and normal cells. Leucovorin is a reduced form of folic acid that bypasses the enzyme targeted by methotrexate, allowing normal cells to continue using folate for DNA synthesis. This rescue therapy helps prevent or reduce the side effects of methotrexate, such as mucositis, myelosuppression, and other toxic effects on normal cells. It is important to administer leucovorin at the appropriate times following methotrexate administration to maximize its protective effect while maintaining the efficacy of the chemotherapy.

A 16-year-old mother complaining she feels unhappy living with her husband and his family. The most appropriate action is

  • A. refer her to an obstetrician
  • B. explain the way of milk expression
  • C. apply Edinburgh postnatal depression scale
  • D. advise her on milk engorgement
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a screening tool for postnatal depression which might address her unhappiness.

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