Nokea
Biopsy is a diagnostic procedure which:
- A. Detects the presence of malignant cells
- B. Measures hemoglobin content
- C. Measures the RBC size
- D. Detects arterial occlusion Situation: Cancer ranks third in leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines. Early detection Increases the survival rate of those afflicted. You are a nurse in a cancer-prevention and screening clinic and are for health education.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A biopsy is a diagnostic procedure that involves the removal of a small sample of tissue or cells from the body for examination under a microscope. This is done to determine the presence of abnormal or malignant cells, which can indicate the presence of cancer or other diseases. Biopsies are often performed when there is a suspicion of cancer based on imaging studies or other clinical findings. Detecting malignant cells through a biopsy is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. Early detection of cancer through biopsy can significantly improve the prognosis and survival rates of patients.
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The nurse needs to obtain blood for ongoing assessment of a high-risk newborn's progress. Which tests should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Blood glucose
- B. Complete blood count (CBC)
- C. Calcium
- D. Serum electrolytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Blood glucose: Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial in high-risk newborns to ensure they are within the normal range. High or low blood glucose levels can indicate various conditions that require prompt intervention.
The nurse has been caring for a newborn who just died. The parents are present but say they are "afraid" to hold the dead newborn. Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Tell them there is nothing to fear.
- B. Insist that they hold newborn "one last time."
- C. Respect their wishes and release body to morgue.
- D. Keep newborn's body available for a few hours in case they change their minds.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention in this situation is to keep the newborn's body available for a few hours in case the parents change their minds. It is important to respect the parents' feelings and fears while also providing them with the opportunity to hold their child if they decide to do so later on. By keeping the newborn's body available, the parents can have the time and space they need to process their emotions and make a decision that feels right for them. This approach supports the parents' autonomy and allows them to grieve in a way that is meaningful to them.
The nurse practitioner assesses a client in the physician's office. Which assessment findings support a suspicion of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
- A. Facial erythema, profuse proteinuria, pleuritis, fever, and weight loss
- B. Pericarditis, photosensitivity, polyarthralgia, and painful mucous membrane ulcers
- C. Weight gain, hypervigilance, hypothermia, and edema of the legs
- D. Hypothermia, weight gain, lethargy, and edema of the arms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect various organs and tissues in the body. The assessment findings listed in option B are more indicative of SLE:
which of the following blood tests results is the most indicative of an improvement in rheumatic fever child?
- A. WBCS 11,000
- B. decrease ESR
- C. elevated ASOT
- D. hemoglobin 10 gm/dl.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a non-specific marker for inflammation and can be elevated in conditions like rheumatic fever. A decrease in ESR suggests a reduction in the inflammatory response in the body, indicating an improvement in the condition. While the other parameters (WBC count, ASOT, and hemoglobin level) may be affected in rheumatic fever, a decrease in ESR is a more direct indicator of improvement in the inflammatory process associated with the disease.
A 4 years old boy presents with low grade fever and malaise. Throat examination reveals a grayish white membrane which is tightly adherent and bleeds on an attempt to remove. The most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Acute Follicular tonsillitis
- B. Diphtheria
- C. Herpetic infection
- D. Infectious mononucleosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diphtheria causes a characteristic grayish-white membrane in the throat that bleeds when removed, along with systemic symptoms like fever and malaise.