Nokea
The pediatric nurse instructs parents who are concerned about the spread of illness at their children's daycare center to inquire about the facilities':
- A. CPR training for staff.
- B. infection control practices.
- C. reported cases of diarrhea during the previous year.
- D. staff-to-child ratios.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infection control practices are critical in preventing the spread of illnesses in daycare settings.
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Which is a common side effect of short-term corticosteroid therapy?
- A. Fever
- B. Hypertension
- C. Weight loss
- D. Increased appetite
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased appetite is a common side effect of short-term corticosteroid therapy. Corticosteroids can affect the areas of the brain that control appetite, leading to an increase in hunger and potentially weight gain. While weight loss can occur with long-term corticosteroid use, short-term therapy is more likely to cause increased appetite as a side effect. Fever and hypertension are less commonly associated with short-term corticosteroid therapy.
In fetal period, all are true EXCEPT
- A. returns of midgut to abdomen by 10 weeks
- B. recognizable external genitalia formed by 12 weeks
- C. surfactant production begins by 24 weeks
- D. tripling of weight occurs during the third trimester
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Recognizable external genitalia are formed by 14 weeks, not 12 weeks.
The lowest fasting plasma glucose level suggestive of a diagnosis of diabetes is:
- A. 90mg/dl
- B. 126mg/dl
- C. 115mg/dl
- D. 180mg/dl
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A fasting plasma glucose level of 126mg/dl or higher is considered to be indicative of diabetes mellitus. This value represents the threshold for diagnosing diabetes based on fasting glucose levels according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Fasting glucose levels between 100-125mg/dl indicate impaired fasting glucose, which is a precursor to diabetes. Therefore, a fasting plasma glucose level of 126mg/dl is the lowest level at which a diagnosis of diabetes can be suggested.
You are meeting with parents of a 12-year-old girl who recently diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The statement that should be included in your discussion is
- A. PTC has a grim overall prognosis
- B. FTC do not require radioactive iodine therapy
- C. supraphysiologic levothyroxine therapy is required during long-term follow-up
- D. calcitonin/carcinogenic antigen monitoring is required during the course of treatment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levothyroxine suppression therapy is standard in differentiated thyroid cancer.
Cystic fibrosis most often affects multiple systems of the body. The primary factor responsible for possible multiple clinical manifestations is which of the following?
- A. Hyperactivity of sweat glands
- B. Hypoactivity of parasympathetic nervous system
- C. Sweat chloride test >60 mEq/L
- D. Increased viscosity resulting in mucous gland secretions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to the production of thick, sticky mucus. This increased viscosity affects various organs and systems in the body, causing multiple clinical manifestations. The abnormal secretions block the airways in the lungs, leading to recurrent lung infections, breathing difficulties, and ultimately respiratory failure. In the digestive system, the thick mucus blocks the pancreatic ducts, impairing the release of digestive enzymes, which can result in malabsorption and malnutrition. Additionally, the thick secretions can affect the liver, leading to complications like liver disease. Therefore, the primary factor responsible for the multiple clinical manifestations in cystic fibrosis is the increased viscosity of the mucous gland secretions, which impacts various systems in the body.