Nokea
A 4 years old boy presents with low grade fever and malaise. Throat examination reveals a grayish white membrane which is tightly adherent and bleeds on an attempt to remove. The most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Acute Follicular tonsillitis
- B. Diphtheria
- C. Herpetic infection
- D. Infectious mononucleosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diphtheria causes a characteristic grayish-white membrane in the throat that bleeds when removed, along with systemic symptoms like fever and malaise.
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Which laboratory test value is elevated in clients who smoke and can't be used as a general indicator of cancer?
- A. Acid phosphatase level
- B. Alkaline phosphatase level
- C. Serum calcitonin level
- D. Carcinoembryonic antigen level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alkaline phosphatase level is elevated in clients who smoke due to various reasons unrelated to cancer. Smoking leads to increased alkaline phosphatase production in the liver, and elevated levels can be attributed to liver damage caused by smoking. However, a high alkaline phosphatase level alone cannot be used as a general indicator of cancer because it is not specific to cancer and can be influenced by several other factors. Therefore, it is not a reliable marker for the presence of cancer in individuals who smoke or in the general population.
Mr. Boy, a 65-year old man, has been admitted wth severe flame burns resulting from smoking in bed. The nurse can expect his room environment to include:
- A. strict isolation techniques and policies
- B. a semi-private room
- C. liberal, unrestricted visiting
- D. equipment shared between Mr. Boy and the other burn patients in the unit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mr. Boy, who suffered severe flame burns from smoking in bed, would require specialized care in a burn unit. In such units, patients like Mr. Boy are typically placed in semi-private rooms. This setting allows for close monitoring, infection control, and privacy for the patient to receive specialized care. Semi-private rooms also facilitate the management of burn injuries, including wound care, dressing changes, and overall patient care. Additionally, the environment in a semi-private room helps in preventing the spread of infections and ensures that the patient's specific care needs are met effectively.
A 16-year-old mother complaining she feels unhappy living with her husband and his family. The most appropriate action is
- A. refer her to an obstetrician
- B. explain the way of milk expression
- C. apply Edinburgh postnatal depression scale
- D. advise her on milk engorgement
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a screening tool for postnatal depression which might address her unhappiness.
Which is the name of the suture separating the parietal bones at the top center of a newborn's head?
- A. Frontal
- B. Coronal
- C. Sagittal
- D. Occipital
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The suture separating the parietal bones at the top center of a newborn's head is called the sagittal suture. This suture runs along the top of the skull from front to back, connecting the two parietal bones. It is one of the major cranial sutures that allows for the flexibility and growth of the skull during infancy and childhood.
For the first 72 hours thyroidectomy surgery, the nurse would assess the client for Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign because they indicate which of the following?
- A. Hypocalcamia
- B. hypokalemia
- C. Hypercalcemia
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign are both clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia, which is a common complication following thyroidectomy surgery.