Nokea
A 58-year-old patient is in a cardiac rehabilitation program. The nurse teaches the patient to stop exercising if what occurs?
- A. Pain or dyspnea develop
- B. The HR exceeds 150 bpm
- C. The respiratory rate increases to 30
- D. The HR is 30 bpm over the resting HR
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Symptoms indicate exercise intolerance.
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What procedure uses a catheter to open blocked coronary arteries and improve blood flow to the heart muscle?
- A. Angioplasty
- B. Stent placement
- C. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
- D. Valve replacement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Angioplasty. Angioplasty involves using a catheter with a balloon to open blocked coronary arteries, improving blood flow to the heart muscle. The balloon is inflated to compress the plaque against the artery walls, restoring blood flow. Stent placement (B) involves inserting a mesh tube to keep the artery open after angioplasty. CABG (C) is a surgical procedure that uses grafts to bypass blocked coronary arteries. Valve replacement (D) is a procedure to replace damaged heart valves, not specifically for opening blocked coronary arteries.
What is the primary effect of a calcium channel blocker on the heart?
- A. Decreases heart rate
- B. Increases heart rate
- C. Increases blood pressure
- D. Decreases blood pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary effect of a calcium channel blocker on the heart is to decrease blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers block the entry of calcium into the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and the heart. This causes vasodilation and reduces the force of contraction in the heart, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. Choices A and B are incorrect as calcium channel blockers typically do not directly affect heart rate. Choice C is incorrect because calcium channel blockers actually tend to lower blood pressure rather than increase it.
The nurse is caring for a client with atrial fibrillation on dabigatran (Pradaxa). What is the most important instruction to give to the client?
- A. Take the medication with food to prevent stomach upset.
- B. Do not miss a dose and take it at the same time each day.
- C. Avoid consuming alcohol while on this medication.
- D. Monitor for signs of bleeding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Dabigatran is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots.
2. Consistent dosing is crucial to maintain therapeutic levels.
3. Missing doses increases the risk of clot formation.
4. Taking it at the same time daily helps to ensure effectiveness.
Summary:
A: Taking with food is not essential for dabigatran.
C: Alcohol does not directly interact with dabigatran.
D: Monitoring for bleeding is important, but consistent dosing is the priority for efficacy.
The client on furosemide (Lasix) has a potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Administer a potassium supplement.
- B. Hold the furosemide and notify the healthcare provider.
- C. Continue the current dose of furosemide.
- D. Administer Digibind.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia, a common side effect of furosemide. Administering a potassium supplement is essential to prevent complications like cardiac dysrhythmias. Choice B is incorrect because holding furosemide can worsen the client's condition. Choice C is incorrect as continuing the current dose can further lower potassium levels. Choice D is incorrect as Digibind is used to treat digoxin toxicity, not hypokalemia. Administering a potassium supplement addresses the underlying issue.
This is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
- A. Heart failure
- B. Cardiomyopathy
- C. Myocarditis
- D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heart failure. In heart failure, the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue. This condition can result from various causes like hypertension or heart attacks. Cardiomyopathy (B) refers to diseases of the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure but is not the same thing. Myocarditis (C) is inflammation of the heart muscle, and pericarditis (D) is inflammation of the pericardium, both of which can cause heart failure but are not the primary condition described in the question.