Nokea
A 58-year-old woman with chronic gout is visiting the dietitian and the correct dietary advice given is:
- A. To stop fried food and eat fish for better gout control
- B. To increase fructose drinks as it removes uric acid from urine
- C. Avoid soybeans and plant proteins
- D. Stop alcohol and reduce animal protein
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gout diet cut booze, meat; fructose spikes uric, soy's fine, mushrooms hurt, cherries help. Nurses steer this chronic food fix.
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A patient with metastatic cancer of the colon experiences severe vomiting after each administration of chemotherapy. Which action, if taken by the nurse, is appropriate?
- A. Have the patient eat large meals when nausea is not present.
- B. Offer dry crackers and carbonated fluids during chemotherapy.
- C. Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments.
- D. Give the patient a glass of a citrus fruit beverage during treatments.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemo vomiting's a beast pre-dosing antiemetics (e.g., ondansetron) an hour before blocks the gut-brain puke loop, the gold standard. Big meals overload; crackers and soda or citrus during treatment spark nausea acidity and fizz don't help. Nurses in oncology time this right prevention trumps mopping up, keeping patients steady.
A nurse is caring for a client who has recently diagnosed with left ventricular heart failure. What is an early sign the client is most likely to report?
- A. Dyspnea on exertion
- B. Abdominal distention
- C. Swollen legs
- D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Left ventricular failure backs blood into lungs dyspnea on exertion hits early as fluid seeps, taxing breathing during activity, a telltale sign before systemic effects. Abdominal distention or leg swelling marks right-sided or late failure. Weight gain tracks fluid, not initial. Nurses catch dyspnea, educating clients to report it, key to early management in this progressive pump failure.
Animal experiments have shown that destruction of the ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus leads to unrestrained eating, because a specific structure is lost. Question: Which structure is lost?
- A. The amygdala
- B. The vagus nerve
- C. The satiety centre
- D. The feeding centre
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ventromedial zap satiety centre dies, eating runs wild, not amygdala's fear, vagus' gut, or feeding's drive. Nurses link this, a chronic overeat switch.
In patients who are awake during craniotomy, appropriate statements include:
- A. For a temporal lesion, neurosurgeons are likely to require the sitting position.
- B. A tracheal tube is likely to be used.
- C. A urinary catheter is likely to be inserted.
- D. Intraoperative seizures are likely to occur during cortical mapping.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Awake craniotomy allows functional mapping and patient cooperation. The sitting position is rare due to air embolism risks and is not specific to temporal lesions; supine or lateral positions are standard. A tracheal tube is avoided to maintain airway control via less invasive means (e.g., nasal cannula), as patients must remain responsive. A urinary catheter is routine for longer procedures to manage fluid balance and patient comfort, given immobility and duration. Patient anxiety is common but manageable, not an absolute contraindication. Seizures can occur during cortical mapping due to electrical stimulation, but likely' overstates frequency; they're a risk, not a certainty. The urinary catheter's inclusion reflects practical perioperative care, ensuring monitoring and comfort without interrupting the procedure's focus on brain function preservation.
The hospice nurse is caring for a patient with cancer in her home. The nurse has explained to the patient and the family that the patient is at risk for hypercalcemia and has educated them on that signs and symptoms of this health problem. What else should the nurse teach this patient and family to do to reduce the patient's risk of hypercalcemia?
- A. Stool softeners are contraindicated
- B. Laxatives should be taken daily
- C. Consume 2 to 4 L of fluid daily
- D. Restrict calcium intake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypercalcemia cancer's bone breakdown gift needs hydration (2-4 L/day) to flush calcium through kidneys, unless heart or renal issues say no. Stool softeners and laxatives fight constipation (a symptom), not the cause, and aren't contraindicated. Cutting calcium's pointless tumors, not diet, spike it. Nurses in hospice drill this, balancing fluid push with symptom watch (confusion, thirst), keeping comfort king in late-stage oncology care.