Nokea
A 59-year-old woman who had a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy 3 days ago is complaining of flank pain and a burning sensation with urination. Her total urine output during the previous 8 hours was 210 mL. The client's temperature is 101.3°F. You call the physician to report this information and receive these orders. Which will you implement first?
- A. Insert straight catheter PRN for output less than 300 mL/8 hours.
- B. Administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) 650 mg orally.
- C. Send urine specimen to laboratory for culture and sensitivity.
- D. Administer ceftizoxime (Cefizox) 1 g IV every 12 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low urine output and signs of infection necessitate checking for urinary retention.
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Spermatogenesis:
- A. occurs in several stages;
- B. includes stages of meiosis I;
- C. includes stages of meiosis II;
- D. it is stimulated by the FSH;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spermatogenesis is a complex process involving several stages such as mitosis, meiosis, and maturation. It starts with the division of spermatogonia through mitosis, followed by meiosis I and II to form haploid spermatids. These spermatids then undergo maturation to become spermatozoa. Therefore, spermatogenesis occurs in several stages, making choice A the correct answer.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B: While spermatogenesis does involve meiosis, it includes both meiosis I and II, not just meiosis I.
C: Spermatogenesis includes both meiosis I and II, not just meiosis II.
D: Spermatogenesis is primarily regulated by hormones such as testosterone and LH, not FSH.
The testicle vascularization:
- A. the arterial one is provided by the gonadal artery, a branch off the abdominal aorta;
- B. the venous one is tributary to the internal iliac vein;
- C. the arterial one is provided by the testicular artery, a branch off the internal iliac artery;
- D. the venous one is tributary to the inferior vena cava;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the arterial vascularization of the testicle is indeed provided by the gonadal artery, which is a branch off the abdominal aorta. This is anatomically accurate as the gonadal artery supplies blood to the testicles.
Choice B is incorrect because the venous drainage of the testicle is to the testicular vein, which drains into the inferior vena cava, not the internal iliac vein as stated in option B.
Choice C is incorrect because the testicular artery, not the internal iliac artery, is responsible for the arterial supply to the testicle.
Choice D is incorrect because the venous drainage of the testicle is not tributary to the inferior vena cava; instead, it drains into the left renal vein.
The menstrual cycle is triggered each month by
- A. the release of blood from the uterus
- B. the buildup of the lining of the uterus
- C. hormones
- D. sexual intercourse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: hormones. Hormones, specifically estrogen and progesterone, control the menstrual cycle by regulating the release of an egg from the ovary, thickening the uterine lining, and preparing the body for pregnancy or menstruation. Hormonal fluctuations throughout the cycle signal the body to shed the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur. Choices A and B are incorrect as they describe events during the menstrual cycle rather than the trigger itself. Choice D, sexual intercourse, does not directly trigger the menstrual cycle but may lead to conception, which is one of the outcomes of the menstrual cycle.
The largest ovarian ligament is the _____ ligament.
- A. ovarian
- B. broad
- C. suspensory
- D. sacral
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: broad ligament. The broad ligament is the largest ovarian ligament, providing support to the uterus and ovaries. It consists of layers of peritoneum and serves as a protective barrier. The other choices are incorrect because the ovarian ligament specifically connects the ovary to the uterus, the suspensory ligament supports the ovary and contains blood vessels, and the sacral ligament is not related to the ovary.
A corpus luteum would be present ________.
- A. prior to ovulation in a female
- B. after ovulation in a female
- C. in the semen of a male
- D. only on the day of ovulation in a female
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, after ovulation in a female. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into a corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to support the uterine lining. Prior to ovulation (choice A) there is a mature follicle, not a corpus luteum. Choice C is incorrect as the corpus luteum is a structure in the female reproductive system, not present in semen. Choice D is incorrect as the corpus luteum persists for about 14 days after ovulation, not just on the day of ovulation.