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A 6-year-old boy uses his fathers flashlight to explore his 3-year-old sisters genitalia. According to Freud, in which stage of psychosocial development should a nurse identify this behavior as normal?
- A. Oral
- B. Anal
- C. Phallic
- D. Latency
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phallic stage. In Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the phallic stage occurs around ages 3 to 6. During this stage, children become curious about their own bodies and those of others. The boy exploring his sister's genitalia is displaying normal curiosity associated with this stage. The Oedipus complex and Electra complex also occur during this stage, where children develop feelings towards the opposite-sex parent. Choices A, B, and D do not align with the behaviors described in the scenario and are associated with different stages of development (oral, anal, and latency).
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A nursing instructor is presenting content on the provisions of the Nurse Practice Act as it relates to their state. Which student statement indicates a need for further instruction?
- A. The Nurse Practice Act provides a list of definitions of important terms, including the definition of nursing.
- B. The Nurse Practice Act lists education requirements for licensure and reciprocity.
- C. The Nurse Practice Act contains detailed statements that describe the scope of practice for registered nurses (RNs).
- D. The Nurse Practice Act lists the general authority and powers of the state board of nursing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because education requirements for licensure and reciprocity are typically not included in the Nurse Practice Act. The Act primarily focuses on defining the scope of practice, authority of the state board, regulations, and standards for nursing practice. Education requirements are usually outlined in separate regulations or guidelines by the state board of nursing or accrediting bodies. Therefore, if a student statement mentions education requirements as part of the Nurse Practice Act, it indicates a need for further instruction as it is not accurate.
A: This statement is correct as the Nurse Practice Act often includes definitions of important terms to provide clarity and understanding.
C: This statement is correct as the Act does describe the scope of practice for registered nurses to ensure safe and competent care.
D: This statement is correct as the Act typically outlines the general authority and powers of the state board of nursing to regulate and oversee nursing practice.
A nurse concludes that a restless, agitated client is manifesting a fight-or-flight response. The nurse should associate this response with which neurotransmitter?
- A. Dopamine
- B. Serotonin
- C. Norepinephrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Norepinephrine. During the fight-or-flight response, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, leading to the release of norepinephrine. Norepinephrine increases heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness, preparing the body to either fight or flee from a perceived threat. Dopamine (A) is more related to reward and pleasure. Serotonin (B) is involved in regulating mood and emotions. Cortisol (D) is a stress hormone, not a neurotransmitter involved in the fight-or-flight response.
A client comes to a psychiatric clinic, experiencing sudden extreme fatigue and decreased sleep and appetite. The client works 12 hours a day and rates anxiety as 8/10 on a numeric scale. What correctly written long-term outcome is realistic in addressing this clients crisis?
- A. The client will change his or her type A personality traits to more adaptive ones by week
- B. The client will completely eliminate all anxiety within 2 weeks.
- C. The client will reduce work hours from 12 to 6 hours per day immediately.
- D. The client will develop and implement a self-care routine to improve sleep and appetite within 4 weeks.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Developing and implementing a self-care routine to improve sleep and appetite within 4 weeks is the most realistic long-term outcome in addressing the client's crisis.
Rationale:
1. Self-care routines can positively impact sleep and appetite.
2. Improvements in sleep and appetite can help alleviate fatigue and other symptoms.
3. Realistic timeline of 4 weeks allows for gradual changes and adjustments.
4. It focuses on tangible actions the client can take to improve their well-being.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Changing personality traits is a complex and long-term process, unlikely to occur within a week.
B: Completely eliminating anxiety within 2 weeks is unrealistic and may not address the underlying causes.
C: Immediate reduction of work hours may not be feasible or necessary for addressing the client's crisis.
A nurse directs the client interaction and plans for interventions to achieve client goals. According to Peplaus framework for psychodynamic nursing, what therapeutic role is this nurse assuming?
- A. The role of technical expert
- B. The role of resource person
- C. The role of teacher
- D. The role of leader
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The role of leader. In Peplau's framework, the nurse in this scenario is assuming the therapeutic role of a leader because they are directing client interactions and planning interventions to achieve client goals. This role involves guiding and facilitating the therapeutic process, fostering a collaborative relationship with the client, and empowering them to make decisions and progress towards their goals.
A: The role of technical expert is incorrect because it focuses more on providing specialized knowledge and skills rather than leading and directing client interactions.
B: The role of resource person is incorrect as it typically involves providing information and support, but not necessarily directing client interactions and planning interventions.
C: The role of teacher is incorrect because while education and guidance are important in nursing, it does not fully capture the leadership and direction involved in the scenario described.
A psychiatric nurse uses Sullivans theories in group and individual therapy. According to Sullivan and other theorists like him, how are client symptoms viewed behaviors that are maintained because they are reinforced?
- A. Client symptoms are viewed as responses to anxiety arising from interpersonal relationships.
- B. Client symptoms are viewed as internal conflicts arising from early childhood trauma.
- C. Client symptoms are viewed as the misinterpretations of experiences.
- D. Client symptoms are viewed as learned
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because Sullivan and other theorists like him believe that client symptoms are viewed as internal conflicts arising from early childhood trauma. Sullivan emphasized the impact of early relationships on personality development, suggesting that unresolved conflicts from childhood can manifest as symptoms in adulthood. This perspective aligns with psychodynamic theories that emphasize the role of unconscious processes and early experiences in shaping behavior.
Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on anxiety arising from interpersonal relationships, which is more aligned with interpersonal theories rather than Sullivan's emphasis on childhood experiences. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests misinterpretations of experiences, which does not fully capture the depth of internal conflicts highlighted by Sullivan. Choice D is incorrect as it simplifies client symptoms as learned behaviors without considering the underlying emotional conflicts rooted in early childhood experiences, as emphasized by Sullivan.