Pediatric HESI 2023

Pediatric HESI 2023 Related

Review Pediatric HESI 2023 related questions and content

A 6-year-old child comes to the school nurse reporting a sore throat, and the nurse verifies that the child has a fever and a red, inflamed throat. When a parent of the child arrives at school to take the child home, the nurse urges the parent to seek treatment. The nurse is aware that the causative agent may be beta-hemolytic streptococcus, and the illness may progress to inflamed joints and an infection in the heart. What illness is of most concern to the nurse?

  • A. Tetanus
  • B. Influenza
  • C. Scarlet fever
  • D. Rheumatic fever
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rheumatic fever is the most concerning illness in this case. It can develop as a complication of untreated strep throat caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus. If not properly treated, rheumatic fever can lead to serious complications such as inflamed joints and heart infections. Tetanus is caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium tetani bacteria and is not related to the symptoms described in the scenario. Influenza is a viral respiratory illness and does not typically lead to rheumatic fever. While scarlet fever is also caused by streptococcus bacteria, in this case, the symptoms described are more indicative of rheumatic fever than scarlet fever.

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A 4-year-old fell from a third-story window and landed on her head. She is semiconscious with slow, irregular breathing and bleeding from her mouth. After performing a jaw-thrust maneuver with simultaneous stabilization of her head, what should you do next?

  • A. suction the oropharynx
  • B. insert a nasopharyngeal airway
  • C. initiate positive pressure ventilations
  • D. place the patient in the recovery position
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the 4-year-old is presenting with signs of airway compromise due to the fall. After performing a jaw-thrust maneuver to open the airway while stabilizing the head to prevent further injury, the next step should be to suction the oropharynx. Suctioning helps to clear any blood or secretions from the mouth and throat, ensuring a clear airway for proper breathing. Inserting a nasopharyngeal airway or initiating positive pressure ventilations would be premature without first ensuring the airway is clear. Placing the patient in the recovery position is not indicated at this point as the focus should be on managing the airway.

.A nurse is performing a physical examination on an infant with Down syndrome. For what anomaly should the nurse assess the child?

  • A. Bulging fontanels
  • B. Stiff lower extremities
  • C. Abnormal heart sounds
  • D. Unusual pupillary reactions
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

A healthcare professional is assessing a child with suspected pertussis. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare professional likely to observe?

  • A. Dry, hacking cough
  • B. Inspiratory stridor
  • C. Nasal congestion
  • D. Severe coughing spells
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Severe coughing spells are a hallmark clinical manifestation of pertussis. Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is characterized by paroxysms of rapid, consecutive coughs followed by a distinctive 'whoop' sound as the patient gasps for air. This intense coughing can lead to vomiting, exhaustion, and sometimes a characteristic 'whoop' sound. Inspiratory stridor (Choice B) is more commonly associated with croup, not pertussis. Nasal congestion (Choice C) is not a typical feature of pertussis. While a cough is present in pertussis, the specific type of cough described in Choice A (dry, hacking cough) is not the predominant feature observed in pertussis.

.A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is being discharged from the hospital. What is important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?

  • A. Monitor blood glucose levels once a day
  • B. Follow a strict meal plan
  • C. Administer insulin only when blood glucose is high
  • D. Recognize signs of hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

What behavior does the nurse anticipate while feeding a newborn with choanal atresia?

  • A. Chokes on the feeding
  • B. Has difficulty swallowing
  • C. Does not appear to be hungry
  • D. Takes about half of the feeding
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct answer: When feeding a newborn with choanal atresia, the nurse should anticipate that the infant may take only part of the feeding. This behavior is due to the condition causing difficulty in breathing through the nose while feeding, prompting the infant to pause for air. Choice A, 'Chokes on the feeding,' is incorrect as it does not specifically relate to the feeding behavior expected in choanal atresia. Choice B, 'Has difficulty swallowing,' is also incorrect because the issue in choanal atresia is primarily related to breathing rather than swallowing. Choice C, 'Does not appear to be hungry,' is not the typical behavior seen in infants with choanal atresia; they may still display hunger cues but struggle with feeding due to the condition.

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