Nokea
A nurse is planning an evening snack for a child receiving Novolin N insulin. What is the reason for this nursing action?
- A. To encourage the child to stay on the diet.
- B. Energy is needed for immediate utilization.
- C. Extra calories will help the child gain weight.
- D. Nourishment helps to counteract late insulin activity.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Novolin N insulin peaks in the evening, leading to a higher risk of hypoglycemia during this time. Providing a snack before bedtime helps counteract the late insulin activity and prevent hypoglycemia. Choice A is incorrect as the primary reason for the snack is related to insulin activity rather than diet compliance. Choice B is not directly related to the timing of Novolin N insulin administration. Choice C is unrelated to the specific need for a snack in the evening to address insulin activity.
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The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a 9-month-old baby with a flat, discolored area on the skin. The nurse documents this as a:
- A. Papule
- B. Macule
- C. Vesicle
- D. Scale
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A macule is defined as a flat, discolored area on the skin that is different from surrounding tissue due to a change in color. In this case, the baby has a flat, discolored area on the skin, which fits the description of a macule. A papule is a small, raised solid bump, a vesicle is a small fluid-filled blister, and a scale is a flake of skin that is often dry and rough. Therefore, choices A, C, and D do not accurately describe the flat, discolored area on the baby's skin, making them incorrect.
A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administering insulin as prescribed
- B. Monitoring blood glucose levels
- C. Teaching the child how to self-administer insulin
- D. Encouraging regular exercise
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a 7-year-old child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is to monitor blood glucose levels. This is crucial for managing and adjusting insulin therapy effectively. Administering insulin as prescribed is important, but monitoring blood glucose levels takes precedence as it guides insulin administration. Teaching the child how to self-administer insulin and encouraging regular exercise are also important aspects of diabetes management, but they are not the priority in this situation.
An infant who had cardiac surgery for a congenital defect is to be discharged. What should the nurse emphasize to the parents regarding administering the prescribed antibiotic?
- A. Give the antibiotic between feedings.
- B. Ensure that the antibiotic is administered as prescribed.
- C. Shake the bottle thoroughly before giving the antibiotic.
- D. Keep the antibiotic in the refrigerator after the bottle has been opened.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Ensure that the antibiotic is administered as prescribed.' It is crucial for the parents to follow the prescribed antibiotic regimen to prevent infections and promote proper healing following cardiac surgery. Option A is incorrect because the timing of antibiotic administration may vary depending on the specific medication and instructions. Option C is not necessary and could potentially affect the antibiotic's effectiveness. Option D is not relevant to the administration of the antibiotic and does not ensure proper usage.
A parent brings an 18-month-old toddler to the clinic. The parent states, 'My child is so difficult to please, has temper tantrums, and annoys me by throwing food from the table.' What is the nurse's best response?
- A. "Toddlers need discipline to prevent the development of antisocial behaviors."
- B. "Toddlers are learning to assert independence, and this behavior is expected at this age."
- C. "It is best to leave the toddler alone in the crib after calmly explaining why the behavior is unacceptable."
- D. "This is the way a toddler expresses needs, and this behavior is acceptable during the initiative stage of development."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Toddlers are learning to assert independence, and this behavior is expected at this age.' At 18 months old, toddlers are in the stage of developing autonomy and testing boundaries. It is normal for them to exhibit behaviors such as temper tantrums and defiance as they explore their independence. Choice A is incorrect as discipline at this age is more about setting limits and providing guidance rather than preventing antisocial behaviors. Choice C is inappropriate as leaving a toddler alone in a crib after explaining unacceptable behavior is not a recommended approach for managing toddler behavior. Choice D is incorrect as the described behavior is typical of toddlers asserting independence, not related to the initiative stage of development. The best response involves acknowledging the child's developmental stage and understanding that these behaviors are part of their normal growth and development.
What foods are appropriate for a 30-month-old toddler on a regular diet?
- A. Hamburger with bun and grapes
- B. Chicken fingers and french fries
- C. Hot dog with bun and potato chips
- D. Macaroni and cheese and Cheerios
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Macaroni and cheese and Cheerios are appropriate choices for a 30-month-old toddler on a regular diet. These foods are easy to chew, digest, and are generally well-liked by toddlers. Option A, a hamburger with bun and grapes, may be difficult for a toddler to handle due to the size of the hamburger and grapes pose a choking hazard. Option B, chicken fingers and french fries, may be too greasy and processed for a toddler's developing digestive system. Option C, hot dog with bun and potato chips, is also not ideal as hot dogs can be a choking hazard and potato chips are high in salt and may not provide adequate nutrition.