jarvis physical examination and health assessment 9th edition test bank

jarvis physical examination and health assessment 9th edition test bank Related

Review jarvis physical examination and health assessment 9th edition test bank related questions and content

A 69-year-old female presents to your office for routine primary care. Her elder sister was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and she wonders what steps she can take to reduce her own risk of developing dementia. Which of the following statements is true about the prevention of dementia?

  • A. There is moderate quality evidence to support daily use of vitamin B12 and fish oil to prevent cognitive decline.
  • B. Risk of dementia is modulated by non-modifiable risk factors, such as genetics, family history, and educational attainment, and there are no behavioral interventions that can reduce the risk of dementia.
  • C. There is moderate quality evidence to suggest control of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, such as blood pressure, weight, and blood sugar, may reduce risk of dementia.
  • D. There is moderate to low quality evidence supporting cannabinoids may reduce rates of progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: There is moderate quality evidence to suggest control of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, such as blood pressure, weight, and blood sugar, may reduce the risk of dementia. This statement is true because studies have shown that managing cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors can help reduce the risk of developing dementia. High blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes have been linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. By controlling these risk factors through lifestyle changes or medication, individuals can potentially lower their risk of developing dementia.

Choice A is incorrect because while vitamin B12 and fish oil may have some benefits for cognitive health, the evidence supporting their use in preventing dementia is not strong.

Choice B is incorrect because while genetics and family history play a role in dementia risk, there are behavioral interventions, such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing risk factors, that can help reduce the risk of dementia.

Choice D is incorrect because there is not enough strong evidence to support the claim that cannabinoids can reduce rates

You may also like to solve these questions

Racial disparities have been a part of US healthcare for many decades. How might this impact the expectations of older Black Americans?

  • A. Reluctance to participate in medical research because of unethical studies in the past
  • B. Underrepresentation of Black physicians in the geriatric workforce
  • C. Cumulative effects of differences in access to healthcare providers
  • D. All of these
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because each of the choices addresses a different aspect of how racial disparities in healthcare can impact the expectations of older Black Americans. A is correct because unethical studies in the past can lead to reluctance to participate in medical research. B is correct because the underrepresentation of Black physicians may affect the quality of care older Black Americans receive. C is correct because differences in access to healthcare providers can result in cumulative negative effects on health outcomes for older Black Americans. Therefore, the combination of these factors can significantly impact the expectations and experiences of older Black Americans in healthcare.

Monique is a 33-year-old administrative assistant who has had intermittent lower abdominal pain approximately one week a month for the past year. It is not related to her menses. She notes relief with defecation, and a change in form and frequency of her bowel movements with these episodes. Which of the following is most likely?

  • A. Colon cancer
  • B. Cholecystitis
  • C. Inflammatory bowel disease
  • D. Irritable bowel syndrome
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Monique's symptoms of lower abdominal pain relieved by defecation, change in bowel movements' form and frequency, and absence of menses-related pain align with IBS criteria. IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning other conditions must be ruled out.

Choice A: Colon cancer is less likely due to Monique's age, absence of alarming symptoms like weight loss or blood in stool, and the intermittent nature of her symptoms.
Choice B: Cholecystitis typically presents with right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting, which do not match Monique's symptoms.
Choice C: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) usually presents with persistent symptoms, blood in stool, and systemic signs, which are not seen in Monique's case.

A 37-year-old nurse comes for evaluation of colicky right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The pain is associated with nausea and vomiting and occurs 1 to 2 hours after eating greasy foods. Which one of the following physical examination descriptions would be most consistent with the diagnosis of cholecystitis?

  • A. Abdomen is soft, nontender, and nondistended, without hepatosplenomegaly or masses.
  • B. Abdomen is soft and tender to palpation in the right lower quadrant, without rebound or guarding.
  • C. Abdomen is soft and tender to palpation in the right upper quadrant with inspiration, to the point of stopping inspiration, and there is no rebound or guarding.
  • D. Abdomen is soft and tender to palpation in the mid-epigastric area, without rebound or guarding.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because tenderness in the right upper quadrant with inspiration points towards Murphy's sign, indicative of cholecystitis. This sign is elicited by palpating the right upper quadrant while the patient takes a deep breath. This maneuver causes the gallbladder to descend and come into contact with the inflamed peritoneum, reproducing pain and halting inspiration. Choices A, B, and D do not describe physical examination findings specific to cholecystitis such as Murphy's sign or tenderness in the right upper quadrant with inspiration. Therefore, they are incorrect.

Subtypes of elder mistreatment include:

  • A. Psychological mistreatment
  • B. Physical mistreatment
  • C. Sexual mistreatment
  • D. Financial exploitation
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Based on the given choices, none of them individually cover all subtypes of elder mistreatment. The correct answer should include all the mentioned subtypes: psychological mistreatment, physical mistreatment, sexual mistreatment, and financial exploitation. Therefore, the correct answer is not any of the provided options, as they are all individual subtypes and not a comprehensive list of all subtypes of elder mistreatment.

Symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation are associated with:

  • A. Hiatal hernia
  • B. Gastroesophageal reflux
  • C. Peptic ulcer disease
  • D. Esophageal cancer
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gastroesophageal reflux. Heartburn and regurgitation are classic symptoms of GERD, where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This causes a burning sensation in the chest and sour taste in the mouth. Hiatal hernia (A) can contribute to GERD but is not directly associated with these symptoms. Peptic ulcer disease (C) typically presents with stomach pain, not heartburn. Esophageal cancer (D) may present with difficulty swallowing and weight loss, not just heartburn and regurgitation. Therefore, choice B is the most appropriate answer.

Copyright © 2025 Nokea. All rights reserved.