Nokea
A 7-year-old boy fell off a wood pile while playing. He has been admitted to the intensive care unit with multiple broken bones and internal bleeding. What should the nurse know about drug therapy in this type of patient?
- A. Adverse effects may be decreased.
- B. Therapeutic effects may be increased.
- C. Pharmacodynamics may be altered.
- D. Pharmacokinetics remain the same
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trauma alters pharmacodynamics (drug effects), requiring careful monitoring.
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The following drug is used for diabetic coma:
- A. Glibenclamid
- B. Long acting insulin preparations
- C. The rapid and intermediate acting insulin preparations
- D. Metformin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rapid and intermediate-acting insulins are used to quickly correct hyperglycemia in diabetic coma.
Precautions that should be taken when prescribing controlled substances include:
- A. Faxing the prescription for a Schedule II drug directly to the pharmacy
- B. Using tamper-proof paper for all prescriptions written for controlled drugs
- C. Keeping any pre-signed prescription pads in a locked drawer in the clinic
- D. Using only numbers to indicate the amount of drug to be prescribed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tamper-proof paper prevents fraud, a key precaution; faxing Schedule II has restrictions, and locking pads or numbers-only are less specific.
Incorporating information technology (IT) into a patient encounter takes skill and tact. During the encounter, the provider can make the patient more comfortable with the IT the provider is using by:
- A. Turning the screen around so the patient can see material being recorded
- B. Not placing the computer screen between the provider and the patient
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Both actions reduce barriers and enhance patient comfort with IT use.
A thorough understanding of herbs is critical to patient safety. An example is the use of cinnamon to treat type II diabetes. It is important the patient uses Ceylon cinnamon, as the commercially available cassia cinnamon contains:
- A. Coumadin, which may lead to bleeding problems
- B. Coumarin, which can cause liver and kidney damage
- C. Cinnamic aldehyde, which is toxic to the kidney
- D. Cinnamate eugenol, which is toxic to the liver
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cassia cinnamon contains coumarin, which can be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in high doses.
Tianeptin is
- A. 5-HT antagonist
- B. Nor adrenaline uptake inhibitor
- C. 5-HT reuptake enhancer
- D. Dopamine antagonist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tianeptin enhances serotonin reuptake, unlike typical SSRIs.