Nokea
A 7-year-old child will be receiving amoxicillin (Amoxil) 50 mg/kg/day in two divided doses. The child weighs 55 pounds. The medication, once reconstituted, is available as an oral suspension of 125 mg/5 mL. Identify how many milliliters will the child receive per dose.
Correct Answer: 25 mL
Rationale: Convert pounds to kilograms: 55 pounds = 25 kg. 25 kg x 50 mg/kg/day = 1250 mg/day. To get the amount per dose, divide 1250 by 2, which equals 625 mg/dose. To calculate the milliliters: 125 mg/5 mL = 625 mg/x mL. (125 * x) = (5 * 625); 125x = 3125; x = 25 mL/dose.
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The nurse is assessing a newly admitted 83-year-old patient and determines that the patient is experiencing polypharmacy. Which statement most accurately illustrates polypharmacy?
- A. The patient is experiencing multiple illnesses.
- B. The patient uses one medication for an illness several times per day.
- C. The patient uses over-the-counter drugs for an illness.
- D. The patient uses multiple medications simultaneously.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Polypharmacy usually occurs when a patient has several illnesses and takes medications for each of them, possibly prescribed by different specialists who may be unaware of other treatments the patient is undergoing. It involves multiple medications, not just multiple illnesses, a single medication, or only over-the-counter drugs.
The nurse is trying to give a liquid medication to a 2 1/2-year-old child and notes that the medication has a strong taste. Which technique is the best way for the nurse to give the medication to this child?
- A. Give the medication with a spoonful of ice cream.
- B. Add the medication to the child's bottle.
- C. Tell the child you have candy for him.
- D. Add the medication to a cup of milk.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ice cream or another nonessential food disguises the taste of the medication. Adding to a bottle or milk risks incomplete dosing if not fully consumed, and using the word 'candy' may lead to confusion, as the child might think drugs are candy.
Drug transfer to the fetus is more likely during the last trimester of pregnancy for which reason?
- A. Decreased fetal surface area
- B. Increased placental surface area
- C. Enhanced blood flow to the fetus
- D. Increased amount of protein-bound drug in maternal circulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drug transfer to the fetus is more likely during the last trimester of pregnancy as a result of enhanced blood flow to the fetus. Increased fetal surface area, not decreased, is a factor that affects drug transfer to the fetus. The placenta's surface area does not increase during this time. Drug transfer is increased because of an increased amount of free drug, not protein-bound drug, in the mother's circulation.
An 83-year-old woman has been given a thiazide diuretic to treat heart failure. She and her caregiver should be told to watch for which problems?
- A. Constipation and anorexia
- B. Fatigue, leg cramps, and dehydration
- C. Daytime sedation and lethargy
- D. Edema, nausea, and blurred vision
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Electrolyte imbalance, leg cramps, fatigue, and dehydration are common complications when thiazide diuretics are given to elderly patients. The other options do not describe typical complications associated with thiazide diuretics in the elderly.
The nurse is administering drugs to neonates and will consider which factor may contribute the most to drug toxicity?
- A. The lungs are immature.
- B. The kidneys are small.
- C. The liver is not fully developed.
- D. Excretion of the drug occurs quickly.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A neonate's liver is not fully developed and cannot detoxify many drugs, contributing most to drug toxicity. Immature lungs and small kidneys play lesser roles, and excretion is slow, not fast, due to organ immaturity.