Nokea
A 72-year-old man tells the nurse that he cannot perform most of the physical activities he could do 5 years ago because of overall joint aches and pains. What can the nurse do to assist the patient to prevent further deconditioning and decrease the risk for developing musculoskeletal problems?
- A. Limit weight-bearing exercise to prevent stress on fragile bones and possible hip fractures
- B. Advise the patient to avoid the use of canes and walkers because they increase dependence on ambulation aids
- C. Advise the patient to increase his activity by more frequently climbing stairs in buildings and other environments with steps
- D. Discuss use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications to decrease inflammation and pain so that exercise can be maintained
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: OTC medications can help reduce pain and inflammation, allowing the patient to maintain an active lifestyle.
You may also like to solve these questions
Gray matter differs from white matter because gray matter _________ and white matter ______.
- A. is in the PNS, is in the CNS
- B. is part of the sympathetic nervous system, is part of the parasympathetic nervous system
- C. contains neuronal cell bodies, contains axons
- D. contains neurons, contains glia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gray matter consists primarily of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons, while white matter is composed mainly of myelinated axons. This distinction is crucial for understanding the functional and structural organization of the nervous system.
The nervous system is the centre of all mental activity including all the following except ________.
- A. thinking
- B. learning
- C. digesting
- D. memory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nervous system is responsible for mental activities such as thinking, learning, and memory. However, digesting is a function of the digestive system, not the nervous system. While the nervous system does regulate digestion through the autonomic nervous system, the act of digestion itself is not considered a mental activity. Therefore, digesting is the correct answer as it is not a direct function of the nervous system's mental processes.
An elderly patient is brought to the clinic for confusion, horizontal eye movement bilaterally, and intermittent disorientation to time and place over the past 3 months. The patient has a history of alcoholism for 30 years. Which dementia type is the patient most likely experiencing?
- A. Wernicke’s encephalopathy
- B. Pick’s disease
- C. Lewy bodies
- D. Parkinson’s disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wernicke's encephalopathy. This patient's history of chronic alcoholism puts them at risk for thiamine deficiency, leading to Wernicke's encephalopathy. Symptoms such as confusion, horizontal eye movement abnormalities (nystagmus), and disorientation are classic features. Pick's disease (B) is a rare form of frontotemporal dementia with distinct pathological features. Lewy bodies (C) are associated with dementia with Lewy bodies, characterized by visual hallucinations and parkinsonism. Parkinson's disease (D) primarily presents with motor symptoms like tremors and rigidity, not cognitive deficits like this patient.
The midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata are housed in the:
- A. diencephalon
- B. hypothalamus
- C. brain stem
- D. pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are parts of the brain stem, which controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. The diencephalon, hypothalamus, pineal gland, and cerebellum are separate structures. Therefore, C is the correct answer.
Which of the following instructions should be given to the client's family if a client with impaired swallowing has to take solid medication?
- A. Mix the medication with food
- B. Use the liquid form of the medication
- C. Check with the physician or pharmacist before crushing or breaking tablets
- D. or opening capsules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Not all medications can be safely altered, so consulting healthcare providers is essential.