Nokea
Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that a child with meningitis has developed disseminated intravascular coagulation?
- A. Hemorrhagic skin rash
- B. Edema
- C. Cyanosis
- D. Dyspnea on exertion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A hemorrhagic skin rash is a hallmark sign of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a severe complication of meningitis. DIC occurs due to widespread activation of the clotting cascade, leading to microthrombi and subsequent bleeding. This condition requires urgent medical intervention to prevent organ failure and death.
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Pons, cerebellum and medulla are part of which brain?
- A. Forebrain
- B. Midbrain
- C. Hindbrain
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hindbrain is the correct answer because it consists of the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. These structures are responsible for coordinating movement, balance, and vital autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
A patient reports fears of having cervical cancer and says to the nurse, I've had Pap smears by six different doctors. The results are normal, but I'm sure that's because of errors in the laboratory. Which disorder would the nurse suspect?
- A. Functional neurologic (conversion) disorder
- B. Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)
- C. Body dysmorphic disorder
- D. Dissociative amnesia with fugue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis). This disorder involves excessive worry about having a serious illness despite medical reassurance. In this case, the patient's persistent fear of cervical cancer despite normal Pap smear results and attributing them to laboratory errors aligns with the characteristic of illness anxiety disorder.
Other choices:
A: Functional neurologic (conversion) disorder - This disorder involves physical symptoms without a medical explanation. The patient in the question does not exhibit physical symptoms.
C: Body dysmorphic disorder - This disorder involves preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance. The patient's concern is not related to body image.
D: Dissociative amnesia with fugue - This disorder involves memory loss with sudden travel or wandering. The patient does not display memory loss or wandering behavior in the scenario.
A female client informs the nurse that she overstretched her arm muscles when lifting a heavy suitcase, and now experiences inflammation, some tenderness, and muscle spasms. Which of the following problems is she most likely to have?
- A. Strain
- B. Contusion
- C. Sprain
- D. Avulsion fracture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A strain involves muscle or tendon injury, fitting the described symptoms.
Which nerve supplies the vertex of the scalp
- A. Greater occipital
- B. Third occipital
- C. Auriculotemporal
- D. Supraorbital
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The greater occipital nerve, a branch of the dorsal ramus of C2, supplies sensation to the vertex of the scalp. It is important in diagnosing occipital neuralgia.
The client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis is scheduled for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the head. Which information should the nurse teach the client about the test?
- A. The client will have wires attached to the scalp and lights will flash off and on.
- B. The machine will be loud and the client must not move the head during the test.
- C. The client will drink a contrast medium 30 minutes to one (1) hour before the test.
- D. The test will be repeated at intervals during a five (5)- to six (6)-hour period.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An MRI is a loud procedure, and the client must remain still to ensure clear images. Contrast medium may be used, but it is not always required, and the test does not typically take 5-6 hours.