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In the UK, two tests of speed of information processing, verbal memory tests (list learning and story recall), and visual memory tests (design learning and figure recall) is known as:
- A. The Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery (AMIPB).
- B. The Information Processing test (IPT).
- C. The Adult Executive Function Scale (AEFS).
- D. The Memory Battery (MB).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery (AMIPB) is a comprehensive neuropsychological test used in the UK to assess memory and information processing abilities. It includes tests of verbal memory (e.g., list learning, story recall) and visual memory (e.g., design learning, figure recall), as well as measures of processing speed. This battery is widely used to evaluate cognitive functioning in individuals with neurological disorders or brain injuries.
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A client with multiple sclerosis (MS) lives with her daughter and 3-year-old granddaughter. The daughter asks the nurse what she can do at home to help her mother. Which of the following measures would be most beneficial?
- A. Psychotherapy
- B. Regular exercise
- C. Day care for the granddaughter
- D. Weekly visits by another person with MS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Regular exercise can help maintain mobility, reduce fatigue, and improve overall well-being in clients with MS. Psychotherapy and social support are also beneficial but are secondary to physical activity.
The client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis is scheduled for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the head. Which information should the nurse teach the client about the test?
- A. The client will have wires attached to the scalp and lights will flash off and on.
- B. The machine will be loud and the client must not move the head during the test.
- C. The client will drink a contrast medium 30 minutes to one (1) hour before the test.
- D. The test will be repeated at intervals during a five (5)- to six (6)-hour period.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An MRI is a loud procedure, and the client must remain still to ensure clear images. Contrast medium may be used, but it is not always required, and the test does not typically take 5-6 hours.
The health care provider has ordered IV dopamine (Intropin) for a patient in the emergency department with a spinal cord injury. The nurse determines that the drug is having the desired effect when what is observed in patient assessment?
- A. Heart rate of 68 bpm
- B. Respiratory rate of 24
- C. Blood pressure of 106/82 mm Hg
- D. Temperature of 96.8°F (36.0°C)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Improved blood pressure indicates effective treatment.
Impairments in language and communication may manifest in a variety of ways, including deficits in the production of speech (e.g. fluent aphasia), an inability to comprehend or understand speech, and an inability to initiate speech (e.g. nonfluent aphasia). A treatment used with aphasic patients required to communicate without gesturing or pointing is known as:
- A. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT).
- B. Straight jacket therapy (SJT).
- C. Minimal movement therpay (MMT).
- D. Verbal communication initiation therapy (VCIT).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a rehabilitation technique used to improve verbal communication in individuals with aphasia. This approach involves restricting the use of compensatory strategies, such as gesturing or pointing, and encouraging the use of verbal responses. By focusing on intensive verbal practice, CIMT helps individuals regain their ability to communicate effectively and reduces reliance on non-verbal methods.
An elderly patient is brought to the clinic for confusion, horizontal eye movement bilaterally, and intermittent disorientation to time and place over the past 3 months. The patient has a history of alcoholism for 30 years. Which dementia type is the patient most likely experiencing?
- A. Wernicke’s encephalopathy
- B. Pick’s disease
- C. Lewy bodies
- D. Parkinson’s disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wernicke's encephalopathy. This patient's history of chronic alcoholism puts them at risk for thiamine deficiency, leading to Wernicke's encephalopathy. Symptoms such as confusion, horizontal eye movement abnormalities (nystagmus), and disorientation are classic features. Pick's disease (B) is a rare form of frontotemporal dementia with distinct pathological features. Lewy bodies (C) are associated with dementia with Lewy bodies, characterized by visual hallucinations and parkinsonism. Parkinson's disease (D) primarily presents with motor symptoms like tremors and rigidity, not cognitive deficits like this patient.