Health Assessment Neurological System NCLEX Questions Quizlet

Health Assessment Neurological System NCLEX Questions Quizlet Related

Review Health Assessment Neurological System NCLEX Questions Quizlet related questions and content

A patient who fears serious heart disease was referred to the mental health center by a cardiologist after diagnostic evaluation showed no physical illness. The patient says, My heart misses beats. I'm frequently absent from work. I don't go out much because I need to rest. Which health problem is most likely?

  • A. Body dysmorphic disorder
  • B. Antisocial personality disorder
  • C. Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)
  • D. Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis). This is because the patient's persistent fear of having a serious illness despite medical reassurance aligns with the key feature of excessive health-related anxiety. The patient's focus on physical symptoms and avoidance behaviors also indicate a somatic symptom-related disorder.

Incorrect choices:
A: Body dysmorphic disorder - This disorder involves preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance, not fear of having a serious illness.
B: Antisocial personality disorder - This disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' rights and feelings, not health-related anxiety.
D: Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) - While depression can present with physical symptoms, the patient's primary concern is health-related anxiety rather than low mood.

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The client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis is scheduled for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the head. Which information should the nurse teach the client about the test?

  • A. The client will have wires attached to the scalp and lights will flash off and on.
  • B. The machine will be loud and the client must not move the head during the test.
  • C. The client will drink a contrast medium 30 minutes to one (1) hour before the test.
  • D. The test will be repeated at intervals during a five (5)- to six (6)-hour period.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: An MRI is a loud procedure, and the client must remain still to ensure clear images. Contrast medium may be used, but it is not always required, and the test does not typically take 5-6 hours.

During assessment of the patient diagnosed with fibromyalgia, what should the nurse expect the patient to report?

  • A. Generalized muscle twitching and spasms
  • B. Nonrestorative sleep with resulting fatigue
  • C. Profound and progressive muscle weakness that limits ADLs
  • D. Widespread musculoskeletal pain that is accompanied by inflammation and fever
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nonrestorative sleep is a hallmark of fibromyalgia.

An elderly patient is brought to the clinic for confusion, horizontal eye movement bilaterally, and intermittent disorientation to time and place over the past 3 months. The patient has a history of alcoholism for 30 years. Which dementia type is the patient most likely experiencing?

  • A. Wernicke’s encephalopathy
  • B. Pick’s disease
  • C. Lewy bodies
  • D. Parkinson’s disease
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wernicke's encephalopathy. This patient's history of chronic alcoholism puts them at risk for thiamine deficiency, leading to Wernicke's encephalopathy. Symptoms such as confusion, horizontal eye movement abnormalities (nystagmus), and disorientation are classic features. Pick's disease (B) is a rare form of frontotemporal dementia with distinct pathological features. Lewy bodies (C) are associated with dementia with Lewy bodies, characterized by visual hallucinations and parkinsonism. Parkinson's disease (D) primarily presents with motor symptoms like tremors and rigidity, not cognitive deficits like this patient.

Which of the following best describes the waxy-appearing material called myelin:

  • A. an outermembrane on a neuroglial cell
  • B. a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons
  • C. a mass of white lipid material that surrounds the cell body of a neuron
  • D. a mass of white lipid material that insulates the axon of a neuron
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Myelin is a lipid-rich substance that forms a sheath around axons, providing insulation and increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission. It does not surround the cell body or dendrites, making D the correct answer.

The central nervous system is made up of

  • A. sensory organs and muscles.
  • B. the brain and muscles.
  • C. the sensory organs and spinal cord.
  • D. the brain and spinal column.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: the brain and spinal column. The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body. The brain controls cognitive functions and coordinates movement, while the spinal cord serves as a pathway for nerve signals.

Explanation:
1. The brain is the primary organ for processing information and controlling bodily functions.
2. The spinal cord acts as a conduit for nerve signals to travel between the brain and the rest of the body.
3. Together, the brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system, playing a crucial role in overall body function.

Summary of other choices:
A: Sensory organs and muscles do not constitute the central nervous system. Sensory organs detect stimuli, while muscles are part of the peripheral nervous system.
B: The brain and muscles are not the only components of the central nervous system. The spinal cord is also a crucial part.
C: While the sensory organs and spinal cord are components of the nervous system

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