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The nurse determines what about the caregiver?
- A. The caregiver is also developing signs of AD.
- B. The caregiver is manifesting symptoms of caregiver role strain.
- C. The caregiver needs a period of respite from care of the patient.
- D. The caregiver should ask other family members to participate in the patient's care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms like inability to concentrate indicate caregiver role strain
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The midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata are housed in the:
- A. diencephalon
- B. hypothalamus
- C. brain stem
- D. pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are parts of the brain stem, which controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. The diencephalon, hypothalamus, pineal gland, and cerebellum are separate structures. Therefore, C is the correct answer.
What surgical treatment will the nurse prepare the patient for in the presence of compartment syndrome?
- A. Fasciotomy
- B. Amputation
- C. Internal fixation
- D. Release of tendons
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fasciotomy relieves pressure in compartment syndrome.
A patient receives spinal anesthesia with lidocaine (Xylocaine) and epinephrine (Adrenalin). You explain that epinephrine is used with lidocaine for which of the following reasons?
- A. Decreases the risk for a spinal headache
- B. Reduces the risk for infection
- C. Prolongs the anesthetic effects
- D. Prevents respiratory depression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Injecting epinephrine with lidocaine for local or regional anesthesia extends the duration of the regional anesthesia. Epinephrine will not
Impairments in language and communication may manifest in a variety of ways, including deficits in the production of speech (e.g. fluent aphasia), an inability to comprehend or understand speech, and an inability to initiate speech (e.g. nonfluent aphasia). A treatment used with aphasic patients required to communicate without gesturing or pointing is known as:
- A. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT).
- B. Straight jacket therapy (SJT).
- C. Minimal movement therpay (MMT).
- D. Verbal communication initiation therapy (VCIT).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a rehabilitation technique used to improve verbal communication in individuals with aphasia. This approach involves restricting the use of compensatory strategies, such as gesturing or pointing, and encouraging the use of verbal responses. By focusing on intensive verbal practice, CIMT helps individuals regain their ability to communicate effectively and reduces reliance on non-verbal methods.
An elderly patient is brought to the clinic for confusion, horizontal eye movement bilaterally, and intermittent disorientation to time and place over the past 3 months. The patient has a history of alcoholism for 30 years. Which dementia type is the patient most likely experiencing?
- A. Wernicke’s encephalopathy
- B. Pick’s disease
- C. Lewy bodies
- D. Parkinson’s disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wernicke's encephalopathy. This patient's history of chronic alcoholism puts them at risk for thiamine deficiency, leading to Wernicke's encephalopathy. Symptoms such as confusion, horizontal eye movement abnormalities (nystagmus), and disorientation are classic features. Pick's disease (B) is a rare form of frontotemporal dementia with distinct pathological features. Lewy bodies (C) are associated with dementia with Lewy bodies, characterized by visual hallucinations and parkinsonism. Parkinson's disease (D) primarily presents with motor symptoms like tremors and rigidity, not cognitive deficits like this patient.