Nokea
To preserve function and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), what should the nurse teach the patient with OA?
- A. Avoid exercise that involves the affected joints.
- B. Plan and organize task performance to be less stressful to joints.
- C. Maintain normal activities during an acute episode to prevent loss of function.
- D. Use mild analgesics to control symptoms when performing tasks that cause pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Task planning minimizes joint stress.
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When taking Mr. Sands' health history, which question would be especially important to ask?
- A. Do you have any back pain or flank tenderness?
- B. Does cold affect your hands in any way?
- C. Do you have any difficulty chewing or swallowing?
- D. Do you have any joint tenderness or stiffness?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Difficulty chewing or swallowing is a key symptom of reflux esophagitis.
Which of the following best describes the waxy-appearing material called myelin:
- A. an outermembrane on a neuroglial cell
- B. a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons
- C. a mass of white lipid material that surrounds the cell body of a neuron
- D. a mass of white lipid material that insulates the axon of a neuron
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Myelin is a lipid-rich substance that forms a sheath around axons, providing insulation and increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission. It does not surround the cell body or dendrites, making D the correct answer.
A client with multiple sclerosis (MS) lives with her daughter and 3-year-old granddaughter. The daughter asks the nurse what she can do at home to help her mother. Which of the following measures would be most beneficial?
- A. Psychotherapy
- B. Regular exercise
- C. Day care for the granddaughter
- D. Weekly visits by another person with MS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Regular exercise can help maintain mobility, reduce fatigue, and improve overall well-being in clients with MS. Psychotherapy and social support are also beneficial but are secondary to physical activity.
A patient who fears serious heart disease was referred to the mental health center by a cardiologist after diagnostic evaluation showed no physical illness. The patient says, My heart misses beats. I'm frequently absent from work. I don't go out much because I need to rest. Which health problem is most likely?
- A. Body dysmorphic disorder
- B. Antisocial personality disorder
- C. Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)
- D. Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis). This is because the patient's persistent fear of having a serious illness despite medical reassurance aligns with the key feature of excessive health-related anxiety. The patient's focus on physical symptoms and avoidance behaviors also indicate a somatic symptom-related disorder.
Incorrect choices:
A: Body dysmorphic disorder - This disorder involves preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance, not fear of having a serious illness.
B: Antisocial personality disorder - This disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' rights and feelings, not health-related anxiety.
D: Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) - While depression can present with physical symptoms, the patient's primary concern is health-related anxiety rather than low mood.
The nurse determines what about the caregiver?
- A. The caregiver is also developing signs of AD.
- B. The caregiver is manifesting symptoms of caregiver role strain.
- C. The caregiver needs a period of respite from care of the patient.
- D. The caregiver should ask other family members to participate in the patient's care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms like inability to concentrate indicate caregiver role strain