Nokea
What does the experiment in which a frog's eye is rotated tell us about the spatial relationships between the retina and the tectum?
- A. When the right retina makes connections to the right tectum, nasal (anterior) neurons go to the anterior tectum, and temporal (posterior) neurons go to the posterior tectum.
- B. When the right retina makes connections to the right tectum, nasal (anterior) neurons go to the posterior tectum, and temporal (posterior) neurons go to the anterior tectum.
- C. When the right retina makes connections to the left tectum, nasal (anterior) neurons go to the posterior tectum, and temporal (posterior) neurons go to the anterior tectum.
- D. When the right retina makes connections to the left tectum, nasal (anterior) neurons go to the anterior tectum, and temporal (posterior) neurons go to the posterior tectum.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The frog eye rotation experiment demonstrates that retinal axons have an intrinsic map of their position. Nasal (anterior) neurons project to the posterior tectum, and temporal (posterior) neurons project to the anterior tectum. This shows that spatial information is encoded within the retina and guides axon targeting.
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During the first 12 hours of hospitalization you notice that the patient's temperature, pulse, and respiration are showing a steady rise. Petechiae are developing on her chest and she is becoming confused. After notifying the physician, what is the highest priority of care?
- A. Assess for further signs of infection
- B. Continue close monitoring of vital signs and mental status
- C. Encourage fluids and reality orientation measures
- D. Increase ventilation by use of blow bottles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Close monitoring helps track progression and manage complications early.
Initial treatment of the patient with a fracture should include
- A. Surgical reduction of the fracture.
- B. Insertion of internal fixation device.
- C. Reduction of the fracture.
- D. Immobilization of the area.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Immobilization is often the first step in managing fractures to prevent further injury.
All of these nursing activities are included in the care plan for a 78-year-old man with Parkinson's disease who has been referred to your home health agency. Which ones will you delegate to a nursing assistant (NA)? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. Check for orthostatic changes in pulse and blood pressure.
- B. Monitor for improvement in tremor after levodopa (L-dopa) is given.
- C. Remind the patient to allow adequate time for meals.
- D. Monitor for abnormal involuntary jerky movements of extremities.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tasks like reminding the patient about meals and assisting with exercises are suitable for delegation to a nursing assistant.
Pons, cerebellum and medulla are part of which brain?
- A. Forebrain
- B. Midbrain
- C. Hindbrain
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hindbrain is the correct answer because it consists of the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. These structures are responsible for coordinating movement, balance, and vital autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that a child with meningitis has developed disseminated intravascular coagulation?
- A. Hemorrhagic skin rash
- B. Edema
- C. Cyanosis
- D. Dyspnea on exertion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A hemorrhagic skin rash is a hallmark sign of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a severe complication of meningitis. DIC occurs due to widespread activation of the clotting cascade, leading to microthrombi and subsequent bleeding. This condition requires urgent medical intervention to prevent organ failure and death.