Nokea
In assisting Mrs. Aster to use her crutches during periods of severe hip joint pain, which gait will be the safest and most helpful to her?
- A. Two-point
- B. Three-point
- C. Four-point
- D. Swing-through
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The three-point gait provides stability and reduces strain on the hip joint.
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The afferent path of the sneeze reflex is mediated via the
- A. Ophthalmic nerve V1
- B. Maxillary nerve V2
- C. Mandibular nerve V3
- D. Vagus nerve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sneeze reflex is triggered by irritation of the nasal mucosa, which is innervated by the maxillary nerve (V2). The reflex involves the trigeminal nerve and medullary centers.
All of these nursing activities are included in the care plan for a 78-year-old man with Parkinson's disease who has been referred to your home health agency. Which ones will you delegate to a nursing assistant (NA)? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. Check for orthostatic changes in pulse and blood pressure.
- B. Monitor for improvement in tremor after levodopa (L-dopa) is given.
- C. Remind the patient to allow adequate time for meals.
- D. Monitor for abnormal involuntary jerky movements of extremities.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tasks like reminding the patient about meals and assisting with exercises are suitable for delegation to a nursing assistant.
To preserve function and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), what should the nurse teach the patient with OA?
- A. Avoid exercise that involves the affected joints.
- B. Plan and organize task performance to be less stressful to joints.
- C. Maintain normal activities during an acute episode to prevent loss of function.
- D. Use mild analgesics to control symptoms when performing tasks that cause pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Task planning minimizes joint stress.
A patient who fears serious heart disease was referred to the mental health center by a cardiologist after diagnostic evaluation showed no physical illness. The patient says, My heart misses beats. I'm frequently absent from work. I don't go out much because I need to rest. Which health problem is most likely?
- A. Body dysmorphic disorder
- B. Antisocial personality disorder
- C. Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)
- D. Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis). This is because the patient's persistent fear of having a serious illness despite medical reassurance aligns with the key feature of excessive health-related anxiety. The patient's focus on physical symptoms and avoidance behaviors also indicate a somatic symptom-related disorder.
Incorrect choices:
A: Body dysmorphic disorder - This disorder involves preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance, not fear of having a serious illness.
B: Antisocial personality disorder - This disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' rights and feelings, not health-related anxiety.
D: Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) - While depression can present with physical symptoms, the patient's primary concern is health-related anxiety rather than low mood.
Which of the following best describes the waxy-appearing material called myelin:
- A. an outermembrane on a neuroglial cell
- B. a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons
- C. a mass of white lipid material that surrounds the cell body of a neuron
- D. a mass of white lipid material that insulates the axon of a neuron
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Myelin is a lipid-rich substance that forms a sheath around axons, providing insulation and increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission. It does not surround the cell body or dendrites, making D the correct answer.