Nokea
The brain stem does NOT include the:
- A. diencephalons
- B. midbrain
- C. medilla oblongata
- D. pons
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The diencephalon, which includes the thalamus and hypothalamus, is part of the forebrain, not the brainstem.
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When taking Mr. Sands' health history, which question would be especially important to ask?
- A. Do you have any back pain or flank tenderness?
- B. Does cold affect your hands in any way?
- C. Do you have any difficulty chewing or swallowing?
- D. Do you have any joint tenderness or stiffness?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Difficulty chewing or swallowing is a key symptom of reflux esophagitis.
Nurse Harris is providing lifestyle and safety advice to Mr. Baker, a patient with Parkinson's disease. She wants to ensure that Mr. Baker avoids activities that might exacerbate his symptoms or pose a risk to his health. Which of the following should Nurse Harris advise Mr. Baker to avoid?
- A. Participating in seated yoga classes.
- B. Walking on uneven terrain alone.
- C. Eating a balanced diet rich in fiber.
- D. Engaging in mild stretching exercises.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Walking on uneven terrain alone increases the risk of falls for PD patients due to postural instability and gait disturbances.
Impairments in language and communication may manifest in a variety of ways, including deficits in the production of speech (e.g. fluent aphasia), an inability to comprehend or understand speech, and an inability to initiate speech (e.g. nonfluent aphasia). A treatment used with aphasic patients required to communicate without gesturing or pointing is known as:
- A. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT).
- B. Straight jacket therapy (SJT).
- C. Minimal movement therpay (MMT).
- D. Verbal communication initiation therapy (VCIT).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a rehabilitation technique used to improve verbal communication in individuals with aphasia. This approach involves restricting the use of compensatory strategies, such as gesturing or pointing, and encouraging the use of verbal responses. By focusing on intensive verbal practice, CIMT helps individuals regain their ability to communicate effectively and reduces reliance on non-verbal methods.
Which of these locations in the forebrain is the master control center for homeostasis through the autonomic and endocrine systems?
- A. hypothalamus
- B. thalamus
- C. amygdala
- D. cerebral cortex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the master control center for homeostasis as it regulates various bodily functions through the autonomic and endocrine systems. It plays a crucial role in maintaining body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and hormone regulation. The thalamus (B) is responsible for sensory relay, the amygdala (C) is involved in emotion processing, and the cerebral cortex (D) is responsible for higher cognitive functions. Therefore, the hypothalamus is the correct choice for controlling homeostasis in the body.
The nervous system is the centre of all mental activity including all the following except ________.
- A. thinking
- B. learning
- C. digesting
- D. memory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nervous system is responsible for mental activities such as thinking, learning, and memory. However, digesting is a function of the digestive system, not the nervous system. While the nervous system does regulate digestion through the autonomic nervous system, the act of digestion itself is not considered a mental activity. Therefore, digesting is the correct answer as it is not a direct function of the nervous system's mental processes.