Nokea
A client with multiple sclerosis (MS) lives with her daughter and 3-year-old granddaughter. The daughter asks the nurse what she can do at home to help her mother. Which of the following measures would be most beneficial?
- A. Psychotherapy
- B. Regular exercise
- C. Day care for the granddaughter
- D. Weekly visits by another person with MS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Regular exercise can help maintain mobility, reduce fatigue, and improve overall well-being in clients with MS. Psychotherapy and social support are also beneficial but are secondary to physical activity.
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A patient with PD is taking carbidopa/levodopa 25/100 mg three times a day, and reports that he tends to slow down 2 hours before his next carbidopa/levodopa dose. This patient is most likely experiencing:
- A. Delayed onset response
- B. Dyskinesia
- C. Freezing
- D. Wearing off
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Wearing off refers to the recurrence of PD symptoms before the next dose of medication, indicating the need for dose adjustment or adjunct therapy.
The hypothalamus contains cells which are sensitive to:
- A. PO2
- B. arterial blood pressure
- C. [H+]
- D. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) concentration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The hypothalamus contains cells sensitive to TSH concentration, which is part of the feedback loop regulating thyroid hormone production. It is not directly sensitive to PO2, arterial blood pressure, or [H+], which are regulated by other mechanisms.
The nurse is preparing material about the neurological system as part of a major presentation. What should the nurse include that explains the purpose of white matter?
- A. Carries either sensory or motor impulses
- B. Location of white blood cells within the brain
- C. Protects the spinal nerves from potential injury
- D. Regulates movement and responses to external stimuli
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: White matter consists of myelinated nerve tracts that carry sensory or motor impulses within the central nervous system. It does not contain white blood cells, protect spinal nerves, or regulate movement directly. Understanding the function of white matter is crucial for explaining how information is transmitted in the nervous system.
The health care provider has ordered IV dopamine (Intropin) for a patient in the emergency department with a spinal cord injury. The nurse determines that the drug is having the desired effect when what is observed in patient assessment?
- A. Heart rate of 68 bpm
- B. Respiratory rate of 24
- C. Blood pressure of 106/82 mm Hg
- D. Temperature of 96.8°F (36.0°C)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Improved blood pressure indicates effective treatment.
Which nerve supplies the vertex of the scalp
- A. Greater occipital
- B. Third occipital
- C. Auriculotemporal
- D. Supraorbital
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The greater occipital nerve, a branch of the dorsal ramus of C2, supplies sensation to the vertex of the scalp. It is important in diagnosing occipital neuralgia.