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During a follow-up visit to a patient with acute osteomyelitis treated with IV antibiotics, the home health nurse is told by the patient's wife that she can hardly get the patient to eat because his mouth is so sore. In assessing the patient's mouth, what should the nurse expect to find?
- A. A dry, cracked tongue with a central furrow
- B. White, curdlike membranous lesions of the mucosa
- C. Ulcers of the mouth and lips surrounded by a reddened base
- D. Single or clustered vesicles on the tongue and buccal mucosa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Candidiasis (thrush) is a common side effect of antibiotic therapy.
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Nurse Johnson is working with Mr. Parker, who is struggling with a resting tremor in his right hand due to Parkinson's disease. Understanding how this symptom can be disruptive, Nurse Johnson offers a practical suggestion to help manage the tremor. What advice should Nurse Johnson give to Mr. Parker?
- A. Engage in deep breathing exercises.
- B. Grasp an object in his hand.
- C. Immerse in a warm bath.
- D. Use diazepam when necessary.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Grasping an object can help reduce the visibility and impact of resting tremors in PD patients.
During the first 12 hours of hospitalization you notice that the patient's temperature, pulse, and respiration are showing a steady rise. Petechiae are developing on her chest and she is becoming confused. After notifying the physician, what is the highest priority of care?
- A. Assess for further signs of infection
- B. Continue close monitoring of vital signs and mental status
- C. Encourage fluids and reality orientation measures
- D. Increase ventilation by use of blow bottles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Close monitoring helps track progression and manage complications early.
The midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata are housed in the:
- A. diencephalon
- B. hypothalamus
- C. brain stem
- D. pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are parts of the brain stem, which controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. The diencephalon, hypothalamus, pineal gland, and cerebellum are separate structures. Therefore, C is the correct answer.
Mr. Smith's physician suspects that Mr. Smith has an injured pituitary gland because of his
- A. large output of low specific gravity urine
- B. watery nasal discharge positive for glucose
- C. pupils failing to react to light
- D. positive Babinski reflex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus, indicated by large outputs of low specific gravity urine, can result from pituitary injury.
Impairments in language and communication may manifest in a variety of ways, including deficits in the production of speech (e.g. fluent aphasia), an inability to comprehend or understand speech, and an inability to initiate speech (e.g. nonfluent aphasia). A treatment used with aphasic patients required to communicate without gesturing or pointing is known as:
- A. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT).
- B. Straight jacket therapy (SJT).
- C. Minimal movement therpay (MMT).
- D. Verbal communication initiation therapy (VCIT).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a rehabilitation technique used to improve verbal communication in individuals with aphasia. This approach involves restricting the use of compensatory strategies, such as gesturing or pointing, and encouraging the use of verbal responses. By focusing on intensive verbal practice, CIMT helps individuals regain their ability to communicate effectively and reduces reliance on non-verbal methods.