Nokea
Which assessment finding suggests an issue with cranial nerve XI (Accessory nerve)?
- A. Weakness or atrophy of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
- B. Normal shoulder shrug and head turn strength.
- C. Equal and symmetrical shoulder movement.
- D. Clear and normal speech.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerve XI (Accessory nerve) controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Weakness or atrophy in these muscles indicates dysfunction. Normal strength, symmetrical movement, and clear speech are normal findings.
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A patient reports fears of having cervical cancer and says to the nurse, I've had Pap smears by six different doctors. The results are normal, but I'm sure that's because of errors in the laboratory. Which disorder would the nurse suspect?
- A. Functional neurologic (conversion) disorder
- B. Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)
- C. Body dysmorphic disorder
- D. Dissociative amnesia with fugue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis). This disorder involves excessive worry about having a serious illness despite medical reassurance. In this case, the patient's persistent fear of cervical cancer despite normal Pap smear results and attributing them to laboratory errors aligns with the characteristic of illness anxiety disorder.
Other choices:
A: Functional neurologic (conversion) disorder - This disorder involves physical symptoms without a medical explanation. The patient in the question does not exhibit physical symptoms.
C: Body dysmorphic disorder - This disorder involves preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance. The patient's concern is not related to body image.
D: Dissociative amnesia with fugue - This disorder involves memory loss with sudden travel or wandering. The patient does not display memory loss or wandering behavior in the scenario.
What surgical treatment will the nurse prepare the patient for in the presence of compartment syndrome?
- A. Fasciotomy
- B. Amputation
- C. Internal fixation
- D. Release of tendons
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fasciotomy relieves pressure in compartment syndrome.
Transmission across a synapse is achieved mainly by a________ .
- A. ionic bonding
- B. diffusion of neurotransmitter across the cleft
- C. physical contact of axon to dendrite allowing the nerve impulse to continue onward
- D. diffusion of sodium ions across the cleft
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transmission across a synapse is primarily achieved by the diffusion of neurotransmitter molecules across the synaptic cleft. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters, which diffuse across the cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. This chemical signaling allows for precise and regulated communication between neurons.
A patient has unilateral facial paralysis and is unable to close his or her right eye. He or she is diagnosed with Bell's palsy. He or she asks the physician if there is any special care required for his or her eye. What is the best response?
- A. No, since the symptoms will go away in a few weeks.
- B. Wear sunglasses.
- C. Increase fluid intake to prevent dryness of the eye.
- D. Yes, you will need to instill artificial teardrops and use an eye patch.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Protecting the eye from dryness and injury is essential when the eyelid cannot close properly.
To preserve function and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), what should the nurse teach the patient with OA?
- A. Avoid exercise that involves the affected joints.
- B. Plan and organize task performance to be less stressful to joints.
- C. Maintain normal activities during an acute episode to prevent loss of function.
- D. Use mild analgesics to control symptoms when performing tasks that cause pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Task planning minimizes joint stress.