Nokea
The nervous system is the centre of all mental activity including all the following except ________.
- A. thinking
- B. learning
- C. digesting
- D. memory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nervous system is responsible for mental activities such as thinking, learning, and memory. However, digesting is a function of the digestive system, not the nervous system. While the nervous system does regulate digestion through the autonomic nervous system, the act of digestion itself is not considered a mental activity. Therefore, digesting is the correct answer as it is not a direct function of the nervous system's mental processes.
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Your 30-year-old male reports difficulty maintaining balance and coordination for the past three weeks. He denies headache, blurred vision, or change in the level of consciousness. You perform a Romberg test to assess cerebellar function. Your patient should:
- A. Maintain balance if standing with feet together with eyes open and eyes closed
- B. Maintain balance if sitting with eyes closed
- C. Maintain balance if standing with feet separated and eyes closed
- D. Maintain balance if sitting with eyes open
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Romberg test assesses cerebellar function and proprioception. A patient with normal cerebellar function should maintain balance with feet together and eyes open or closed. Loss of balance with eyes closed suggests a proprioceptive deficit.
What key point will you teach the patient scheduled for endoscopic carpal tunnel release surgery?
- A. Pain and numbness will be experienced for several days to weeks.
- B. Immediately after surgery, the patient will no longer need assistance.
- C. After surgery, the dressing will be large with lots of drainage.
- D. After surgery, the pain and paresthesia will no longer be present.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-operative pain and numbness are common and expected outcomes.
Which of the following best describes the waxy-appearing material called myelin:
- A. an outermembrane on a neuroglial cell
- B. a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons
- C. a mass of white lipid material that surrounds the cell body of a neuron
- D. a mass of white lipid material that insulates the axon of a neuron
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Myelin is a lipid-rich substance that forms a sheath around axons, providing insulation and increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission. It does not surround the cell body or dendrites, making D the correct answer.
The human nervous system is capable of a wide range of functions. What is the basic unit of the nervous system?
- A. Glial cell
- B. Meninges
- C. Neuron
- D. Cerebrospinal fluid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. Glial cells support neurons, meninges are protective layers around the brain and spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid cushions the central nervous system. Understanding the neuron's role is fundamental to studying nervous system function.
All of these nursing activities are included in the care plan for a 78-year-old man with Parkinson's disease who has been referred to your home health agency. Which ones will you delegate to a nursing assistant (NA)? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. Check for orthostatic changes in pulse and blood pressure.
- B. Monitor for improvement in tremor after levodopa (L-dopa) is given.
- C. Remind the patient to allow adequate time for meals.
- D. Monitor for abnormal involuntary jerky movements of extremities.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tasks like reminding the patient about meals and assisting with exercises are suitable for delegation to a nursing assistant.