Nokea
A female client informs the nurse that she overstretched her arm muscles when lifting a heavy suitcase, and now experiences inflammation, some tenderness, and muscle spasms. Which of the following problems is she most likely to have?
- A. Strain
- B. Contusion
- C. Sprain
- D. Avulsion fracture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A strain involves muscle or tendon injury, fitting the described symptoms.
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The presence of dysphagia suggests damage to cranial nerves:
- A. V-VII
- B. IX-X
- C. VII-XI
- D. III-VI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus) are the correct answers because they are involved in the motor and sensory functions of the pharynx and larynx, which are essential for swallowing. Damage to these nerves disrupts the coordinated movements required for swallowing, leading to dysphagia.
Which of these locations in the forebrain is the master control center for homeostasis through the autonomic and endocrine systems?
- A. hypothalamus
- B. thalamus
- C. amygdala
- D. cerebral cortex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the master control center for homeostasis as it regulates various bodily functions through the autonomic and endocrine systems. It plays a crucial role in maintaining body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and hormone regulation. The thalamus (B) is responsible for sensory relay, the amygdala (C) is involved in emotion processing, and the cerebral cortex (D) is responsible for higher cognitive functions. Therefore, the hypothalamus is the correct choice for controlling homeostasis in the body.
To preserve function and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), what should the nurse teach the patient with OA?
- A. Avoid exercise that involves the affected joints.
- B. Plan and organize task performance to be less stressful to joints.
- C. Maintain normal activities during an acute episode to prevent loss of function.
- D. Use mild analgesics to control symptoms when performing tasks that cause pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Task planning minimizes joint stress.
Mr. Smith's physician suspects that Mr. Smith has an injured pituitary gland because of his
- A. large output of low specific gravity urine
- B. watery nasal discharge positive for glucose
- C. pupils failing to react to light
- D. positive Babinski reflex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus, indicated by large outputs of low specific gravity urine, can result from pituitary injury.
The central nervous system is made up of
- A. sensory organs and muscles.
- B. the brain and muscles.
- C. the sensory organs and spinal cord.
- D. the brain and spinal column.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: the brain and spinal column. The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body. The brain controls cognitive functions and coordinates movement, while the spinal cord serves as a pathway for nerve signals.
Explanation:
1. The brain is the primary organ for processing information and controlling bodily functions.
2. The spinal cord acts as a conduit for nerve signals to travel between the brain and the rest of the body.
3. Together, the brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system, playing a crucial role in overall body function.
Summary of other choices:
A: Sensory organs and muscles do not constitute the central nervous system. Sensory organs detect stimuli, while muscles are part of the peripheral nervous system.
B: The brain and muscles are not the only components of the central nervous system. The spinal cord is also a crucial part.
C: While the sensory organs and spinal cord are components of the nervous system