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Gray matter differs from white matter because gray matter _________ and white matter ______.
- A. is in the PNS, is in the CNS
- B. is part of the sympathetic nervous system, is part of the parasympathetic nervous system
- C. contains neuronal cell bodies, contains axons
- D. contains neurons, contains glia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gray matter consists primarily of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons, while white matter is composed mainly of myelinated axons. This distinction is crucial for understanding the functional and structural organization of the nervous system.
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Priority Decision: An immediate prosthetic fitting during surgery is used for a patient with a traumatic below-the-knee amputation. During the immediate postoperative period, what is a priority nursing intervention?
- A. Monitor the patient's vital signs.
- B. Assess the incision for hemorrhage.
- C. Elevate the residual limb on pillows.
- D. Have the patient flex and extend the knee every hour.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hemorrhage is a critical concern post-amputation.
In the UK, two tests of speed of information processing, verbal memory tests (list learning and story recall), and visual memory tests (design learning and figure recall) is known as:
- A. The Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery (AMIPB).
- B. The Information Processing test (IPT).
- C. The Adult Executive Function Scale (AEFS).
- D. The Memory Battery (MB).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery (AMIPB) is a comprehensive neuropsychological test used in the UK to assess memory and information processing abilities. It includes tests of verbal memory (e.g., list learning, story recall) and visual memory (e.g., design learning, figure recall), as well as measures of processing speed. This battery is widely used to evaluate cognitive functioning in individuals with neurological disorders or brain injuries.
A patient receives spinal anesthesia with lidocaine (Xylocaine) and epinephrine (Adrenalin). You explain that epinephrine is used with lidocaine for which of the following reasons?
- A. Decreases the risk for a spinal headache
- B. Reduces the risk for infection
- C. Prolongs the anesthetic effects
- D. Prevents respiratory depression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Injecting epinephrine with lidocaine for local or regional anesthesia extends the duration of the regional anesthesia. Epinephrine will not
Impairments in language and communication may manifest in a variety of ways, including deficits in the production of speech (e.g. fluent aphasia), an inability to comprehend or understand speech, and an inability to initiate speech (e.g. nonfluent aphasia). A treatment used with aphasic patients required to communicate without gesturing or pointing is known as:
- A. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT).
- B. Straight jacket therapy (SJT).
- C. Minimal movement therpay (MMT).
- D. Verbal communication initiation therapy (VCIT).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a rehabilitation technique used to improve verbal communication in individuals with aphasia. This approach involves restricting the use of compensatory strategies, such as gesturing or pointing, and encouraging the use of verbal responses. By focusing on intensive verbal practice, CIMT helps individuals regain their ability to communicate effectively and reduces reliance on non-verbal methods.
The nurse determines what about the caregiver?
- A. The caregiver is also developing signs of AD.
- B. The caregiver is manifesting symptoms of caregiver role strain.
- C. The caregiver needs a period of respite from care of the patient.
- D. The caregiver should ask other family members to participate in the patient's care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms like inability to concentrate indicate caregiver role strain