Nokea
The midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata are housed in the:
- A. diencephalon
- B. hypothalamus
- C. brain stem
- D. pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are parts of the brain stem, which controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. The diencephalon, hypothalamus, pineal gland, and cerebellum are separate structures. Therefore, C is the correct answer.
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A 72-year-old man tells the nurse that he cannot perform most of the physical activities he could do 5 years ago because of overall joint aches and pains. What can the nurse do to assist the patient to prevent further deconditioning and decrease the risk for developing musculoskeletal problems?
- A. Limit weight-bearing exercise to prevent stress on fragile bones and possible hip fractures
- B. Advise the patient to avoid the use of canes and walkers because they increase dependence on ambulation aids
- C. Advise the patient to increase his activity by more frequently climbing stairs in buildings and other environments with steps
- D. Discuss use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications to decrease inflammation and pain so that exercise can be maintained
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: OTC medications can help reduce pain and inflammation, allowing the patient to maintain an active lifestyle.
Impairments in language and communication may manifest in a variety of ways, including deficits in the production of speech (e.g. fluent aphasia), an inability to comprehend or understand speech, and an inability to initiate speech (e.g. nonfluent aphasia). A treatment used with aphasic patients required to communicate without gesturing or pointing is known as:
- A. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT).
- B. Straight jacket therapy (SJT).
- C. Minimal movement therpay (MMT).
- D. Verbal communication initiation therapy (VCIT).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a rehabilitation technique used to improve verbal communication in individuals with aphasia. This approach involves restricting the use of compensatory strategies, such as gesturing or pointing, and encouraging the use of verbal responses. By focusing on intensive verbal practice, CIMT helps individuals regain their ability to communicate effectively and reduces reliance on non-verbal methods.
When taking Mr. Sands' health history, which question would be especially important to ask?
- A. Do you have any back pain or flank tenderness?
- B. Does cold affect your hands in any way?
- C. Do you have any difficulty chewing or swallowing?
- D. Do you have any joint tenderness or stiffness?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Difficulty chewing or swallowing is a key symptom of reflux esophagitis.
The brain stem does NOT include the:
- A. diencephalons
- B. midbrain
- C. medilla oblongata
- D. pons
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The diencephalon, which includes the thalamus and hypothalamus, is part of the forebrain, not the brainstem.
When assessing the patient's speech, the nurse should look for:
- A. Any slurred speech or difficulty articulating words.
- B. Normal tone and rhythm of speech.
- C. Absence of speech abnormalities.
- D. Clear and coherent communication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Slurred speech or difficulty articulating words may indicate neurological issues. Normal tone, absence of abnormalities, and clear communication are expected findings.