Nokea
The nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. What explanation should be provided to the patient and family?
- A. A scan of the brain will be done after injection of a radioisotope.
- B. An MRI uses electrodes placed on the scalp to measure activity of the brain.
- C. An MRI measures muscle contraction after stimulation by tiny needle electrodes.
- D. An MRI is a noninvasive test that uses magnetic energy to visualize internal parts.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An MRI is a noninvasive imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of internal structures. It does not involve radioisotopes, electrodes, or needle electrodes. Providing accurate information helps the patient and family understand the procedure.
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Mr. Smith's physician suspects that Mr. Smith has an injured pituitary gland because of his
- A. large output of low specific gravity urine
- B. watery nasal discharge positive for glucose
- C. pupils failing to react to light
- D. positive Babinski reflex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus, indicated by large outputs of low specific gravity urine, can result from pituitary injury.
Which myotome is responsible for shoulder abduction
- A. C4
- B. C5
- C. C6
- D. C7
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The C5 and C6 nerve roots innervate the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles, which are responsible for shoulder abduction. This is important in assessing brachial plexus injuries.
When assessing the patient's speech, the nurse should look for:
- A. Any slurred speech or difficulty articulating words.
- B. Normal tone and rhythm of speech.
- C. Absence of speech abnormalities.
- D. Clear and coherent communication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Slurred speech or difficulty articulating words may indicate neurological issues. Normal tone, absence of abnormalities, and clear communication are expected findings.
Transmission across a synapse is achieved mainly by a________ .
- A. ionic bonding
- B. diffusion of neurotransmitter across the cleft
- C. physical contact of axon to dendrite allowing the nerve impulse to continue onward
- D. diffusion of sodium ions across the cleft
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transmission across a synapse is primarily achieved by the diffusion of neurotransmitter molecules across the synaptic cleft. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters, which diffuse across the cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. This chemical signaling allows for precise and regulated communication between neurons.
What surgical treatment will the nurse prepare the patient for in the presence of compartment syndrome?
- A. Fasciotomy
- B. Amputation
- C. Internal fixation
- D. Release of tendons
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fasciotomy relieves pressure in compartment syndrome.