Nokea
Pons, cerebellum and medulla are part of which brain?
- A. Forebrain
- B. Midbrain
- C. Hindbrain
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hindbrain is the correct answer because it consists of the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. These structures are responsible for coordinating movement, balance, and vital autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
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To assess a patient's recent memory, the nurse should:
- A. Ask the patient to recall recent events or conversations.
- B. Check the patient's ability to recognize familiar faces.
- C. Measure the patient's blood pressure.
- D. Inspect the patient's gait.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Recent memory is assessed by asking the patient to recall recent events or conversations. Recognizing faces, blood pressure, and gait are unrelated to memory assessment.
All of these nursing activities are included in the care plan for a 78-year-old man with Parkinson's disease who has been referred to your home health agency. Which ones will you delegate to a nursing assistant (NA)? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. Check for orthostatic changes in pulse and blood pressure.
- B. Monitor for improvement in tremor after levodopa (L-dopa) is given.
- C. Remind the patient to allow adequate time for meals.
- D. Monitor for abnormal involuntary jerky movements of extremities.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tasks like reminding the patient about meals and assisting with exercises are suitable for delegation to a nursing assistant.
The health care provider has ordered IV dopamine (Intropin) for a patient in the emergency department with a spinal cord injury. The nurse determines that the drug is having the desired effect when what is observed in patient assessment?
- A. Heart rate of 68 bpm
- B. Respiratory rate of 24
- C. Blood pressure of 106/82 mm Hg
- D. Temperature of 96.8°F (36.0°C)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Improved blood pressure indicates effective treatment.
Which myotome is responsible for shoulder abduction
- A. C4
- B. C5
- C. C6
- D. C7
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The C5 and C6 nerve roots innervate the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles, which are responsible for shoulder abduction. This is important in assessing brachial plexus injuries.
What are the two major physical changes in the brain that are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?
- A. aluminum deposition and edema
- B. amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
- C. amyloid plaques and hypertrophy
- D. calcification and hypertrophy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques (abnormal protein deposits) and neurofibrillary tangles (twisted fibers of tau protein) in the brain. These changes disrupt neuronal communication and lead to cognitive decline.