Nokea
The human nervous system is capable of a wide range of functions. What is the basic unit of the nervous system?
- A. Glial cell
- B. Meninges
- C. Neuron
- D. Cerebrospinal fluid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. Glial cells support neurons, meninges are protective layers around the brain and spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid cushions the central nervous system. Understanding the neuron's role is fundamental to studying nervous system function.
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A patient who fears serious heart disease was referred to the mental health center by a cardiologist after diagnostic evaluation showed no physical illness. The patient says, My heart misses beats. I'm frequently absent from work. I don't go out much because I need to rest. Which health problem is most likely?
- A. Body dysmorphic disorder
- B. Antisocial personality disorder
- C. Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)
- D. Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis). This is because the patient's persistent fear of having a serious illness despite medical reassurance aligns with the key feature of excessive health-related anxiety. The patient's focus on physical symptoms and avoidance behaviors also indicate a somatic symptom-related disorder.
Incorrect choices:
A: Body dysmorphic disorder - This disorder involves preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance, not fear of having a serious illness.
B: Antisocial personality disorder - This disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' rights and feelings, not health-related anxiety.
D: Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) - While depression can present with physical symptoms, the patient's primary concern is health-related anxiety rather than low mood.
Impairments in language and communication may manifest in a variety of ways, including deficits in the production of speech (e.g. fluent aphasia), an inability to comprehend or understand speech, and an inability to initiate speech (e.g. nonfluent aphasia). A treatment used with aphasic patients required to communicate without gesturing or pointing is known as:
- A. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT).
- B. Straight jacket therapy (SJT).
- C. Minimal movement therpay (MMT).
- D. Verbal communication initiation therapy (VCIT).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a rehabilitation technique used to improve verbal communication in individuals with aphasia. This approach involves restricting the use of compensatory strategies, such as gesturing or pointing, and encouraging the use of verbal responses. By focusing on intensive verbal practice, CIMT helps individuals regain their ability to communicate effectively and reduces reliance on non-verbal methods.
Which of the following instructions should be given to the client's family if a client with impaired swallowing has to take solid medication?
- A. Mix the medication with food
- B. Use the liquid form of the medication
- C. Check with the physician or pharmacist before crushing or breaking tablets
- D. or opening capsules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Not all medications can be safely altered, so consulting healthcare providers is essential.
The resting membrane potential of a cell
- A. is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+
- B. falls to zero immediately when Na+, K+ ATPase in the membrane is inhibited
- C. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for K+
- D. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for Na+
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The resting membrane potential is primarily determined by the permeability of the cell membrane to potassium ions (K+), which is greater than its permeability to sodium ions (Na+). This is because the membrane has more leak channels for K+ than for Na+, allowing K+ to diffuse out of the cell, creating a negative intracellular environment. The Na+, K+ ATPase pump maintains this gradient but does not directly set the resting potential. Inhibition of the pump would eventually disrupt the gradient, but the potential does not immediately fall to zero.
In assisting Mrs. Aster to use her crutches during periods of severe hip joint pain, which gait will be the safest and most helpful to her?
- A. Two-point
- B. Three-point
- C. Four-point
- D. Swing-through
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The three-point gait provides stability and reduces strain on the hip joint.