Nokea
A patient receives spinal anesthesia with lidocaine (Xylocaine) and epinephrine (Adrenalin). You explain that epinephrine is used with lidocaine for which of the following reasons?
- A. Decreases the risk for a spinal headache
- B. Reduces the risk for infection
- C. Prolongs the anesthetic effects
- D. Prevents respiratory depression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Injecting epinephrine with lidocaine for local or regional anesthesia extends the duration of the regional anesthesia. Epinephrine will not
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A client with multiple sclerosis (MS) lives with her daughter and 3-year-old granddaughter. The daughter asks the nurse what she can do at home to help her mother. Which of the following measures would be most beneficial?
- A. Psychotherapy
- B. Regular exercise
- C. Day care for the granddaughter
- D. Weekly visits by another person with MS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Regular exercise can help maintain mobility, reduce fatigue, and improve overall well-being in clients with MS. Psychotherapy and social support are also beneficial but are secondary to physical activity.
Initial treatment of the patient with a fracture should include
- A. Surgical reduction of the fracture.
- B. Insertion of internal fixation device.
- C. Reduction of the fracture.
- D. Immobilization of the area.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Immobilization is often the first step in managing fractures to prevent further injury.
Before feeding a patient four days following a stroke, what should the nurse do first?
- A. Check the patient's gag reflex.
- B. Order a soft diet for the patient.
- C. Raise the head of the bed to a sitting position.
- D. Evaluate the patient's ability to swallow small amounts of crushed ice or ice water.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Checking the gag reflex ensures the patient can safely swallow and reduces the risk of aspiration
During a follow-up visit to a patient with acute osteomyelitis treated with IV antibiotics, the home health nurse is told by the patient's wife that she can hardly get the patient to eat because his mouth is so sore. In assessing the patient's mouth, what should the nurse expect to find?
- A. A dry, cracked tongue with a central furrow
- B. White, curdlike membranous lesions of the mucosa
- C. Ulcers of the mouth and lips surrounded by a reddened base
- D. Single or clustered vesicles on the tongue and buccal mucosa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Candidiasis (thrush) is a common side effect of antibiotic therapy.
Which layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation?
- A. Perimetrium
- B. Myometrium
- C. Endometrium
- D. Ectometrium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The endometrium is the correct answer because it is the inner lining of the uterus that thickens in preparation for pregnancy and is shed during menstruation if fertilization does not occur. This cyclical process is regulated by hormones such as estrogen and progesterone and is essential for reproductive health.