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Before feeding a patient four days following a stroke, what should the nurse do first?
- A. Check the patient's gag reflex.
- B. Order a soft diet for the patient.
- C. Raise the head of the bed to a sitting position.
- D. Evaluate the patient's ability to swallow small amounts of crushed ice or ice water.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Checking the gag reflex ensures the patient can safely swallow and reduces the risk of aspiration
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Nurse Johnson is working with Mr. Parker, who is struggling with a resting tremor in his right hand due to Parkinson's disease. Understanding how this symptom can be disruptive, Nurse Johnson offers a practical suggestion to help manage the tremor. What advice should Nurse Johnson give to Mr. Parker?
- A. Engage in deep breathing exercises.
- B. Grasp an object in his hand.
- C. Immerse in a warm bath.
- D. Use diazepam when necessary.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Grasping an object can help reduce the visibility and impact of resting tremors in PD patients.
Which myotome is responsible for shoulder abduction
- A. C4
- B. C5
- C. C6
- D. C7
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The C5 and C6 nerve roots innervate the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles, which are responsible for shoulder abduction. This is important in assessing brachial plexus injuries.
Gray matter differs from white matter because gray matter _________ and white matter ______.
- A. is in the PNS, is in the CNS
- B. is part of the sympathetic nervous system, is part of the parasympathetic nervous system
- C. contains neuronal cell bodies, contains axons
- D. contains neurons, contains glia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gray matter consists primarily of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons, while white matter is composed mainly of myelinated axons. This distinction is crucial for understanding the functional and structural organization of the nervous system.
The nurse is preparing material about the neurological system as part of a major presentation. What should the nurse include that explains the purpose of white matter?
- A. Carries either sensory or motor impulses
- B. Location of white blood cells within the brain
- C. Protects the spinal nerves from potential injury
- D. Regulates movement and responses to external stimuli
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: White matter consists of myelinated nerve tracts that carry sensory or motor impulses within the central nervous system. It does not contain white blood cells, protect spinal nerves, or regulate movement directly. Understanding the function of white matter is crucial for explaining how information is transmitted in the nervous system.
Impairments in language and communication may manifest in a variety of ways, including deficits in the production of speech (e.g. fluent aphasia), an inability to comprehend or understand speech, and an inability to initiate speech (e.g. nonfluent aphasia). A treatment used with aphasic patients required to communicate without gesturing or pointing is known as:
- A. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT).
- B. Straight jacket therapy (SJT).
- C. Minimal movement therpay (MMT).
- D. Verbal communication initiation therapy (VCIT).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a rehabilitation technique used to improve verbal communication in individuals with aphasia. This approach involves restricting the use of compensatory strategies, such as gesturing or pointing, and encouraging the use of verbal responses. By focusing on intensive verbal practice, CIMT helps individuals regain their ability to communicate effectively and reduces reliance on non-verbal methods.