Nokea
The 4th cranial nerve supplies
- A. Lateral rectus
- B. Inferior oblique
- C. Orbicularis oris
- D. Superior oblique
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The trochlear nerve (IV) innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses and abducts the eye. It is the only cranial nerve that exits dorsally from the brainstem.
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Which drug for epilepsy inhibits both vitamin D and folate metabolism?
- A. valproate
- B. carbamazepine
- C. gabapentin
- D. phenytoin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug that can interfere with the metabolism of vitamin D and folate, leading to potential deficiencies. Patients on phenytoin often require supplementation to prevent complications like osteoporosis or anemia.
What surgical treatment will the nurse prepare the patient for in the presence of compartment syndrome?
- A. Fasciotomy
- B. Amputation
- C. Internal fixation
- D. Release of tendons
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fasciotomy relieves pressure in compartment syndrome.
The client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis is scheduled for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the head. Which information should the nurse teach the client about the test?
- A. The client will have wires attached to the scalp and lights will flash off and on.
- B. The machine will be loud and the client must not move the head during the test.
- C. The client will drink a contrast medium 30 minutes to one (1) hour before the test.
- D. The test will be repeated at intervals during a five (5)- to six (6)-hour period.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An MRI is a loud procedure, and the client must remain still to ensure clear images. Contrast medium may be used, but it is not always required, and the test does not typically take 5-6 hours.
The hypothalamus contains cells which are sensitive to:
- A. PO2
- B. arterial blood pressure
- C. [H+]
- D. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) concentration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The hypothalamus contains cells sensitive to TSH concentration, which is part of the feedback loop regulating thyroid hormone production. It is not directly sensitive to PO2, arterial blood pressure, or [H+], which are regulated by other mechanisms.
What are the two major physical changes in the brain that are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?
- A. aluminum deposition and edema
- B. amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
- C. amyloid plaques and hypertrophy
- D. calcification and hypertrophy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques (abnormal protein deposits) and neurofibrillary tangles (twisted fibers of tau protein) in the brain. These changes disrupt neuronal communication and lead to cognitive decline.