Nokea
A care provider sacrifices an animal and waves an herb-filled sack over a client who is complaining of painful joints and chest pain with exertion. This ritual represents health care during:
- A. the prehistoric period.
- B. early civilization in Egypt.
- C. the Renaissance.
- D. the Middle Ages.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: the prehistoric period. During this time, people relied heavily on spiritual beliefs and rituals for healing. Sacrificing animals and using herbs in rituals to treat ailments was common practice. In contrast, early civilization in Egypt (B) had more advanced medical practices, the Renaissance (C) saw a shift towards scientific medicine, and the Middle Ages (D) had a mix of spiritual and medical practices, but not as primitive as the prehistoric period.
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A nurse is submitting a grant application to improve access to health care and mortality for minority groups. The grant focuses on the six causes of death that are identified as priorities for minorities, which include:
- A. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- B. malnutrition.
- C. cirrhosis of the liver.
- D. cancer.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This is because COPD is a leading cause of death among minority groups due to factors like smoking, pollution exposure, and healthcare disparities. This aligns with the grant's goal of improving health outcomes for minorities. Malnutrition (B) is not a top cause of death for minorities. Cirrhosis of the liver (C) is more common in certain populations but not a top priority for this grant. Cancer (D) is a significant concern, but COPD is more prevalent among minority groups.
When practicing in a compact state:
- A. the nurse must abide solely by the practice act of the largest state.
- B. patients' rights in relation to the nurse practice act are protected by the mutual recognition model.
- C. the nurse must pay for a license in all states that participate in the mutual recognition model.
- D. the nurse must refer to the nurse practice act for the list of skills that can be performed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because in a compact state, the mutual recognition model allows nurses to practice across state lines without obtaining additional licenses. This model ensures that patients' rights are protected by requiring nurses to adhere to the nurse practice act of the state where the patient is located. This promotes nursing mobility while maintaining regulatory standards.
A is incorrect because nurses must follow the nurse practice act of the state where they are practicing, not necessarily the largest state. C is incorrect because nurses do not have to pay for a license in all participating states under the mutual recognition model. D is incorrect because the nurse practice act outlines the scope of practice, not necessarily the list of skills that can be performed across state lines.
What characteristics are associated with the clinical nurse leader? (select all that apply)
- A. Is a generalist prepared at the master's level.
- B. Provides care at the bedside for complex patients.
- C. Identifies the best resources at the lowest price to achieve best health outcomes for a client.
- D. Serves as care coordinator whose practice is limited to acute care settings.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the clinical nurse leader is indeed a generalist prepared at the master's level. They have advanced education and training to lead and coordinate care across various settings. Choice B is incorrect as CNLs focus on care coordination and management rather than direct bedside care. Choice C is incorrect as CNLs prioritize quality care over cost. Choice D is incorrect as CNLs can work in various healthcare settings, not limited to acute care.
Nurses in a nonprofit hospital have expressed an interest in forming a union to secure fair wages and ensure client safety. To form a core support group of nurses, the union organizer can conduct meetings to gather initial information:
- A. away from the worksite with a group of managers to learn both sides of the situation.
- B. at the worksite with staff nurses who are respected leaders.
- C. in homes or local businesses with staff nurses.
- D. after photographing management meeting to discuss their strategies to decrease interest in unionization.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because conducting meetings at the worksite with respected staff nurses allows for direct engagement with potential union supporters. This approach fosters a sense of unity and trust among the nurses, making it easier to form a core support group. Additionally, meeting at the worksite enables easy access for all nurses and ensures a safe and neutral environment for discussions.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because:
A: Meeting away from the worksite with managers may create a conflict of interest and could lead to a biased understanding of the situation.
C: Meeting in homes or local businesses may not provide a professional setting for discussions and may not be convenient for all nurses to attend.
D: Photographing management meetings and discussing their strategies is unethical and could potentially harm the relationship between nurses and management.
Charles Dickens' character Sairy Gamp:
- A. portrayed nurses as trained professional individuals who put others before themselves.
- B. chose nursing because she had no other avenue for employment.
- C. was a prostitute who took advantage of sick old men.
- D. characterized nurses as being at the forefront of technology and autonomy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because in Charles Dickens' novel, "Martin Chuzzlewit," Sairy Gamp is depicted as a character who chose nursing as a means of employment due to her lack of other opportunities. This is evident through her portrayal as a self-serving and unprofessional individual, focusing more on her own comfort and benefits rather than the well-being of her patients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the actual portrayal of Sairy Gamp in the novel, who is not depicted as a trained professional, a prostitute, or a forward-thinking nurse.