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Time is becoming crucial for the nurse to address issues related to sponsoring programs to include hearing aid costs as part of Medicare coverage. The nurse involved in grassroots political actions realizes that the least timely method of reaching elected officials would be via:
- A. letter.
- B. telephone.
- C. e-mail.
- D. facsimile (fax).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: letter. Writing a physical letter and sending it through traditional mail is the least timely method of reaching elected officials. It takes longer for letters to be delivered and processed compared to other electronic forms of communication like telephone, email, and fax. Elected officials may not receive and respond to letters in a timely manner, especially when time is crucial. Telephone, email, and fax offer quicker and more direct communication, allowing for faster responses and action. Therefore, choosing to reach out to elected officials via a letter would be the least timely method in this scenario.
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A nurse is overhead saying, "I don't mind working during the election and holiday. My parents are divorced, money is tight, and honestly I don't trust any politicians anyway. I plan to take a few weeks off next month." She works independently to research strategies to improve patient-centered care for the large number of immigrants that arrived in the area and then works with the team to share ideas. She recommends, "Let's think the suggestions over and come back together next week." This nurse's communication style is consistent with which generation?
- A. Baby Boomers
- B. Traditionalist
- C. Generation X
- D. Millenniums
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse's communication style of working independently, sharing ideas with the team, and suggesting a collaborative approach aligns with Generation X characteristics. Generation X values independence, work-life balance, and collaboration. Baby Boomers (A) tend to be more hierarchical, Traditionalists (B) prioritize loyalty and respect for authority, and Millennials (D) are known for their tech-savvy and collaborative nature, but the nurse's approach best fits Generation X.
What effect did the movie One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest have on health care?
- A. Funding for mental health care increased, allowing the point of care to change from the community to standardized institutional care.
- B. The public and the nursing profession were made aware of the rights of vulnerable populations.
- C. Nurses were seen as advocates for individuals who cannot advocate for themselves.
- D. Funding for nursing traineeships was eliminated.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" raised awareness about the mistreatment of vulnerable populations in mental health institutions. It highlighted the need to uphold the rights of such individuals.
A is incorrect because the movie did not specifically lead to an increase in funding for mental health care or a shift to institutional care.
C is incorrect because while the movie portrayed nurses advocating for patients, it did not necessarily lead to a widespread perception of nurses as advocates for vulnerable populations.
D is incorrect because there is no evidence to suggest that funding for nursing traineeships was eliminated as a direct result of the movie.
A nurse is heard making this comment, "I believe human dignity is based on perceived self-worth while caring is based on perceived role in society that forms the basis of nursing practice." This nurse is:
- A. demonstrating a model of human dignity.
- B. evaluating the relevance of Leininger's Theory.
- C. applying Mishel's Theory of Disease Uncertainty.
- D. making a proposition concerning the constructs of nursing practice.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer choice D is correct:
1. The nurse's statement suggests a proposition concerning the constructs of nursing practice, linking human dignity and caring to nursing roles.
2. The nurse is not demonstrating a model of human dignity (A), as they are discussing the relationship between human dignity and nursing practice, not modeling it.
3. The nurse is not evaluating the relevance of Leininger's Theory (B), as the statement does not mention cultural care theory, which is central to Leininger's work.
4. The nurse is not applying Mishel's Theory of Disease Uncertainty (C), as the statement does not discuss uncertainty in illness situations, which is the focus of Mishel's theory.
In summary, answer choice D is correct because the nurse is making a proposition regarding the constructs of nursing practice based on the relationship between human dignity and caring in nursing roles.
Hospitals surveyed nurses who terminated their employment to determine why they chose to leave. One of the most common reasons for leaving was:
- A. decreased pay for alternative shifts.
- B. that the nurse/patient ratio prevents safe care.
- C. that most facilities are choosing an all-RN staff, which decreases opportunities for advancement.
- D. that agency and foreign nurses are favored by administration over full-time nursing staff.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: that the nurse/patient ratio prevents safe care. This answer is correct because inadequate nurse/patient ratios have been consistently identified as a major factor contributing to nurse dissatisfaction and burnout. When nurses are responsible for too many patients, they are unable to provide safe and effective care, leading to increased stress and job dissatisfaction.
Explanation of other choices:
A: Decreased pay for alternative shifts: While decreased pay may be a concern for some nurses, it is not typically cited as one of the most common reasons for leaving a position.
C: Most facilities are choosing an all-RN staff, which decreases opportunities for advancement: While this may be a concern for some nurses, it is not as universally impactful as unsafe nurse/patient ratios.
D: Agency and foreign nurses are favored by administration over full-time nursing staff: While favoritism may be an issue in some cases, it is not typically cited as one of the most common reasons for nurses leaving their employment.
A nurse is reading an abstract about a study related to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. The purpose is stated as follows: "To examine the generalizability of two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials in patients with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever to determine whether steroid therapy resulted in the positive outcomes." The nurse knows generalizability refers to the:
- A. conclusion that findings can be generalized from the sample to the entire population.
- B. fact that the group of steroids used are from the same organic compounds.
- C. possibility that the subjects were carefully selected and that outside influence is thus suspected.
- D. fact that the type of bacteria carried by ticks is universal.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Generalizability refers to the conclusion that findings from a sample can be applied to the entire population. In this case, the purpose of the study is to determine if the positive outcomes of steroid therapy in two randomized placebo-controlled trials for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever can be generalized to a broader population of patients with the same condition. Choice B is incorrect because generalizability is not about the type of steroids used but about the applicability of study findings. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to selection bias, not generalizability. Choice D is incorrect as generalizability is about the application of findings, not the universality of bacteria types.