Nokea
A characteristic of monozygotic twins includes
- A. Always of the same sex
- B. Share a similar fingerprint pattern
- C. Have different blood groups
- D. Superfetation is a common finding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Always of the same sex. Monozygotic twins develop from a single fertilized egg, so they have the same genetic material, making them always the same sex. This is due to the fact that the sex of an individual is determined by the chromosomes inherited from the parents. This is a fundamental principle of genetics. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because monozygotic twins can have different fingerprints, blood groups, and superfetation (conception that occurs during an existing pregnancy) is not common in monozygotic twins.
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The comprehensive serologic assessment of a patient with Cushings syndrome is likely to produce which constellation of findings?
- A. Low potassium, high glucose, high white blood cell count
- B. High sodium, polycythemia, low BUN
- C. Low sodium, low potassium, high BUN
- D. High sodium, high chloride, high RBCs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in Cushing's syndrome, there is excess cortisol production leading to hyperglycemia (high glucose) and hypokalemia (low potassium). The high white blood cell count is due to the immunosuppressive effects of cortisol. Option B is incorrect as polycythemia is not typically seen in Cushing's syndrome. Option C is incorrect as low sodium and low potassium are not common findings in Cushing's syndrome. Option D is incorrect as high sodium, high chloride, and high RBCs are not typical features of Cushing's syndrome.
A mother with a cord prolapse is given oxygen at a rate of 4 liters/minute in order to
- A. Relieve maternal distress
- B. Promote her relative rest
- C. Improve fetal oxygenation
- D. Achieve the effect of tocolysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Improve fetal oxygenation. Oxygen at 4 liters/minute is given to increase oxygen levels which can help improve oxygenation to the fetus during a cord prolapse scenario. This can be crucial in preventing fetal distress and hypoxia.
Explanation for Incorrect Choices:
A: Relieve maternal distress - Oxygen is primarily given in this scenario to benefit the fetus, not to relieve maternal distress.
B: Promote her relative rest - Oxygen is not administered to promote rest, but to address the immediate concern of fetal oxygenation.
D: Achieve the effect of tocolysis - Oxygen does not have a role in tocolysis, which is the inhibition of uterine contractions.
A clinical feature that is indicative of transient tachypnea of the newborn is
- A. Rapid respirations of up to 120/minute
- B. There’s marked recession of the rib cage
- C. Mostly common following a normal delivery
- D. Diminished respirations of less than 40/minute
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Transient tachypnea of the newborn is characterized by rapid respirations due to delayed reabsorption of fetal lung fluid.
Step 2: Rapid respirations of up to 120/minute is a common clinical feature seen in newborns with transient tachypnea.
Step 3: This rapid breathing pattern distinguishes it from other conditions.
Step 4: Marked recession of the rib cage is more indicative of respiratory distress syndrome.
Step 5: Transient tachypnea can occur in both normal and cesarean deliveries, so choice C is incorrect.
Step 6: Diminished respirations of less than 40/minute would not be expected in transient tachypnea.
Summary: Choice A is correct because rapid respirations are a key clinical feature of transient tachypnea, while the other choices do not align with its characteristic presentation.
Presence of a turtle’s sign is clearly indicative of
- A. Prolonged labor
- B. Occipito-posterior position
- C. Shoulder dystocia
- D. Shoulder presentation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presence of a turtle sign during delivery is indicative of shoulder dystocia. This occurs when the baby's shoulders get stuck behind the mother's pelvic bones during delivery, leading to difficulty in delivering the baby's shoulders. The turtle sign refers to the retraction of the baby's head back into the birth canal after delivery of the head, resembling a turtle retracting into its shell. This sign is a clear indicator of shoulder dystocia. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because prolonged labor, occipito-posterior position, and shoulder presentation do not specifically involve the retraction of the baby's head like in shoulder dystocia.
When examining a patient with abdominal pain, the AGACNP knows that tenderness to percussion is analogous to
- A. Tympany
- B. Guarding
- C. Rebound tenderness
- D. Somatic pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rebound tenderness. Tenderness to percussion is similar to rebound tenderness because both involve assessing pain upon release of pressure. Rebound tenderness specifically evaluates pain when the examiner quickly removes pressure, indicating peritoneal inflammation. Tympany (A) refers to a drum-like sound upon percussion, not pain. Guarding (B) is involuntary muscle contractions in response to palpation, not percussion. Somatic pain (D) is localized pain arising from skin, muscles, or bones, not related to percussion tenderness.