Nokea
A child has been seen by the school nurse for dizziness since the start of the school term. It happens when standing in line for recess and homeroom. The child now reports that she would rather sit and watch her friends play hopscotch because she cannot count out loud and jump at the same time. When the nurse asks her if her chest ever hurts, she says yes. Based on this history, the nurse suspects that she has:
- A. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- B. Aortic stenosis (AS)
- C. Mitral valve prolapse
- D. Tricuspid atresia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: AS can progress and result in exercise intolerance, which may improve with rest.
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The typical radiologic configuration in tetralogy of Fallot as seen in the anteroposterior view consists of all the following EXCEPT
- A. normal heart size
- B. some elevation of the cardiac apex
- C. convexity in the region of the main pulmonary artery
- D. right-sided aortic arch
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal heart size is not typical in tetralogy of Fallot.
Routine hearing tests in the community are usually based on:
- A. Distraction testing
- B. Auditory brainstem responses
- C. Evoked potentials
- D. Object discrimination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Distraction testing is a common method used in community settings to assess hearing in young children.
In the treatment of asthma, inhaled corticosteroids:
- A. Relieve acute symptoms
- B. Prevent long-term symptoms
- C. Cause airway constriction
- D. Are contraindicated in pregnancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inhaled corticosteroids are used in asthma management to prevent inflammation and control long-term symptoms, though they do not relieve acute attacks.
The nurse is finishing her shift on the pediatric unit. Because her shift is ending, which intervention takes top priority?
- A. Changing the linens on the clients’ beds
- B. Restocking the bedside supplies needed for a dressing change on the upcoming shift
- C. Documenting the care provided during her shift
- D. Emptying the trash cans in the assigned client room
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Documenting care is a legal and professional responsibility that ensures continuity of care and accurate communication between shifts.
Common causes of recurrent haematuria are:
- A. Berger's disease
- B. Goodpasture's syndrome
- C. Renal stones
- D. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy) is a common cause of recurrent haematuria. The other options (b-e) are less common or present differently.