Nokea
A child is undergoing remission induction therapy to treat leukemia. Allopurinol is included in the regimen. The main reason for administering allopurinol as part of the client’s chemotherapy regimen is to:
- A. Prevent metabolic breakdown of xanthine to uric acid
- B. Prevent uric acid from precipitating in the ureters
- C. Enhance the production of uric acid to ensure adequate excretion of urine
- D. Ensure that the chemotherapy doesn’t adversely affect the bone marrow
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Allopurinol prevents the breakdown of xanthine to uric acid, reducing the risk of uric acid nephropathy during chemotherapy-induced tumor lysis.
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Which of the following features favor a diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy over constrictive pericarditis?
- A. Elevated pulmonary artery pressures
- B. Normal BNP levels
- C. Annulus reversus
- D. Ventricular interdependence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy is associated with elevated pulmonary artery pressures
Functional causes of opening Snap (either due to swift opening of AV valve or due to excess flow across the valve) is seen in all, except
- A. Mitral regurgitation
- B. Ventricular septal defect
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. First degree AV block
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: First degree AV block is not typically associated with an opening snap.
Varying intensity of the first heart sound from a booming (bruit de canon) to virtual inaudibility is seen in which of the following?
- A. Mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation
- B. Constant 2:1 AV block
- C. First-degree AV block
- D. Congenital complete heart block
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation, the intensity of the first heart sound can vary depending on the dynamics of atrial contraction and ventricular filling.
What are FOUR typical cath findings consistent with biatrial enlargement?
- A. Prominent y-descent
- B. Square root sign
- C. RVSp >55mmHg
- D. RVEDp/RVSp <1/3
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These cath findings are indicative of biatrial enlargement, typically observed in certain heart conditions affecting the atrial chambers.
Cristina, a mother of a 4-year-old child tells the nurse that her child is a very poor eater. What’s the nurse’s best recommendation for helping the mother increase her child’s nutritional intake?
- A. Allow the child to feed herself
- B. Use specially designed dishes for children – for example, a plate with the child’s favorite cartoon character
- C. Only serve the child’s favorite foods
- D. Allow the child to eat at a small table and chair by herself
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Allowing the child to feed herself promotes independence and may increase interest in eating.