Nokea
A child is being discharged from an ambulatory care center after an inguinal hernia repair. Which discharge interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Discuss dietary restrictions.
- B. Hold any analgesic medications until the child is home.
- C. Send a pain scale home with the family.
- D. Suggest the parents fill the prescriptions on the way home.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Discuss dietary restrictions: It is important to provide the family with information regarding any dietary restrictions that the child may have post-surgery to ensure proper healing and comfort.
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Pneumocystic pneumonia. Which anemias are described as microcytic, hypochromic anemia?
- A. Vitamin B12 and iron deficiency anemia
- B. Folic acid and iron deficiency anemia
- C. Iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia
- D. Sickle cell anemia and anemia if chronic disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microcytic, hypochromic anemia is characterized by small red blood cells with decreased hemoglobin content. Iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia are the two main types of anemia that present with these characteristics. Iron deficiency anemia is caused by a lack of iron in the body, which is essential for the production of hemoglobin. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that results in decreased production of normal hemoglobin. Both conditions lead to small, pale red blood cells, fitting the description of microcytic, hypochromic anemia. Other choices such as Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (choice A), folic acid deficiency anemia (choice B), sickle cell anemia (choice D), and anemia of chronic disease (choice D) typically present as normocytic or macrocytic anemias.
When teaching a client about insulin administration, the nurse should include which instruction?
- A. "Administer insulin after the first meal of the day."
- B. "Inject insulin at a 45-degree angle into the deltoid muscle."
- C. "Shake the insulin vial vigorously before withdrawing the medication."
- D. "Draw up clear insulin first when mixing two types of insulin in one syringe."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When mixing two types of insulin in one syringe, it is essential to draw up the clear insulin first before drawing up the cloudy insulin. This sequence prevents the clear insulin from becoming contaminated with the cloudy insulin and ensures accurate dosing. Drawing up the clear insulin first helps to minimize the risk of inaccurate dosing and maintains the effectiveness of the insulin being administered.
Which of the following malignant tumors is least likely to occur in adults in comparison with children?
- A. acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- B. osteosarcoma
- C. medulloblastoma
- D. retinoblastoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Retinoblastoma predominantly occurs in children under 5 years of age, making it the least likely to occur in adults.
The major pharmacologic action of albuterol sulfate (Proventil HFA) is:
- A. decreasing airway reactivity.
- B. decreasing inflammation and airway obstruction.
- C. improving the action of cilia to sweep trapped mucous upward.
- D. relaxing constricted bronchial smooth muscle.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Albuterol acts as a beta-2 agonist, relaxing bronchial smooth muscle to relieve airway constriction.
A nurse is preparing to administer routine immunizations to a 4-month-old infant. The infant is currently up to date on all previously recommended immunizations. Which immunizations will the nurse prepare to administer? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
- B. Rotavirus (RV)
- C. Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP)
- D. Varicella
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 4-month-old infant who is up to date on routine immunizations would not need the Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), Varicella, or Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) vaccines at this time. These vaccines are typically administered at older ages based on the recommended immunization schedule.