Nokea
A child with diabetes is brought to the emergency department. He is flushed and drowsy, and his skin is dry. His father states that the child has been feeling progressively worse since the morning. What is this child most likely experiencing?
- A. Somogyi phenomenon
- B. Dawn syndrome
- C. Ketoacidosis
- D. Water intoxication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In ketoacidosis, the child's skin is dry, the face is flushed, and the breath has a fruity odor, indicating a serious complication of diabetes.
You may also like to solve these questions
When discussing possible causes of diabetes in children, the nurse mentions chromosomal defects. Which chromosomes are associated with diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
- A. 6
- B. 7
- C. 12
- D. 20
- E. 21
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Defects in chromosomes 6, 7, 12, and 20 are associated with diabetes mellitus syndrome.
Which general dietary measure should the nurse include in a teaching plan for the child with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Control intake of carbohydrates and consume fewer calories.
- B. Focus on complex carbohydrates and eat foods high in fiber.
- C. Obtain most calories from proteins and fats.
- D. Eat a diet low in fat and low in complex carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nutritional needs of a child with diabetes mellitus focus on complex carbohydrates and high-fiber foods to help manage blood glucose levels.
A child receives a combination of regular and NPH insulin at 8:00 AM. At 8:45 AM the breakfast trays have not yet arrived from the kitchen. What is the best action by the nurse?
- A. Notify the charge nurse.
- B. Give the patient a snack of graham crackers and milk.
- C. Ambulate the patient in the hall for a short time.
- D. Give the patient more insulin according to the sliding scale.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A child who receives regular insulin before meals may have an insulin reaction if food is not eaten within 20 minutes. A snack of graham crackers and milk will prevent an episode of hypoglycemia.
Why does the nurse instruct an 11-year-old diabetic child to use the side of the finger for blood testing?
- A. It has fewer capillaries.
- B. It is easier to puncture.
- C. It is less likely to become infected.
- D. It has fewer nerve endings.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The sides of the finger have fewer nerve endings, making blood testing less painful.
A child with diabetes mellitus is observed to have cold symptoms. What signs and symptoms will alert parents of the possibility of ketoacidosis? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Chest congestion
- B. Ear pain
- C. Fruity breath
- D. Hyperactivity
- E. Nausea
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: Fruity breath and nausea are key indicators of ketoacidosis in a diabetic child.