Nokea
A client admitted to the ICU with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) has developed osmotic demyelination. What is the first intervention the nurse should implement?
- A. Evaluate the client's swallowing ability.
- B. Reorient the client frequently.
- C. Patch one eye to minimize confusion.
- D. Perform range of motion exercises.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to evaluate the client's swallowing ability. Osmotic demyelination can cause dysphagia, putting the client at risk for aspiration. Assessing swallowing function is crucial to prevent complications such as aspiration pneumonia. Reorienting the client frequently (Choice B) is more suitable for confusion related to conditions like delirium. Patching one eye (Choice C) is a technique used for diplopia or double vision, not specifically indicated for osmotic demyelination. Performing range of motion exercises (Choice D) may be beneficial for preventing complications of immobility but is not the priority intervention for osmotic demyelination.
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A preschool-aged boy is admitted to the pediatric unit following successful resuscitation from a near-drowning incident. While providing care to the child, the nurse begins talking with his preadolescent brother who rescued the child from the swimming pool and initiated resuscitation. The nurse notices the older boy becomes withdrawn when asked about what happened. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Involve the older brother in supporting the child
- B. Ask the older brother how he felt during the incident
- C. Ask the parents for more information about the brother's behavior
- D. Reassure the brother that everything is fine now
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The older brother's withdrawal likely indicates emotional trauma or stress from the near-drowning event. Asking how he felt provides an opportunity for emotional support and allows the child to express feelings that may need addressing. Involving him in supporting the child may be overwhelming and not address his emotional needs directly. Asking the parents for more information may not allow the older brother to express his own feelings. Simply reassuring him that everything is fine now may dismiss his emotional experience without providing a chance for him to process his feelings.
A client with hypertension is prescribed a low-sodium diet. What is the most important instruction for the nurse to provide?
- A. Limit sodium intake to 2 grams per day.
- B. Choose fresh fruits and vegetables.
- C. Drink at least 8 glasses of water daily.
- D. Avoid processed foods and canned soups.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Avoiding processed foods and canned soups is crucial for a client with hypertension on a low-sodium diet because these foods are typically high in sodium content. Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally healthy choices but may still contain some natural sodium. While limiting sodium intake to 2 grams per day is important, specifically avoiding processed foods and canned soups is more critical in this situation. Drinking water is essential for overall health but is not the most important instruction when focusing on reducing sodium intake.
The nurse is caring for a client who had a myocardial infarction 6 hours ago. The primary goal of care at this time is to
- A. Limit the effects of tissue damage
- B. Relieve pain and anxiety
- C. Prevent arrhythmias
- D. Reduce anxiety
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Limit the effects of tissue damage.' After a myocardial infarction, the primary goal of care is to limit the damage to the heart muscle. This includes interventions to improve blood flow, oxygenation, and prevent further complications. Choice B ('Relieve pain and anxiety') is important but secondary to addressing tissue damage. Choice C ('Prevent arrhythmias') is also crucial but falls under the broader goal of limiting tissue damage. Choice D ('Reduce anxiety') is essential for holistic care but is not the primary goal immediately after a myocardial infarction.
A client with peripheral artery disease reports pain while walking. What intervention should the nurse recommend?
- A. Encourage the client to increase physical activity.
- B. Instruct the client to take rest breaks during walking.
- C. Apply warm compresses to the legs to improve circulation.
- D. Massage the affected leg to relieve the pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients with peripheral artery disease often experience claudication (leg pain during walking) due to decreased blood flow. Encouraging rest breaks during walking helps to manage pain and improve circulation. Rest breaks allow the muscles to recover from ischemia caused by inadequate blood supply. Increasing physical activity without breaks may worsen the symptoms. Applying warm compresses can potentially lead to burns or skin damage in individuals with compromised circulation. Massaging the affected leg is contraindicated in peripheral artery disease as it can further compromise blood flow.
A client recovering from a stroke is demonstrating slurred speech. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Consult the healthcare provider to order speech therapy.
- B. Administer a dose of aspirin to prevent further neurological damage.
- C. Encourage the client to use communication aids, such as writing.
- D. Encourage the client to eat soft foods to avoid choking.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for a client recovering from a stroke demonstrating slurred speech is to encourage the client to use communication aids, such as writing. This intervention can help the client effectively communicate while working on regaining speech abilities. Consulting the healthcare provider to order speech therapy (choice A) is a valid option, but immediate encouragement of using communication aids is beneficial. Administering aspirin (choice B) without healthcare provider orders is not recommended. Encouraging the client to eat soft foods (choice D) is important for preventing aspiration but doesn't directly address the communication issue.