Nokea
A client asks the NP about the differences in drug effects between men and women. What is known about the differences between the pharmacokinetics of men and women?
- A. Body temperature varies between men and women.
- B. Muscle mass is greater in women.
- C. Percentage of fat differs between genders.
- D. Proven subjective factors exist between the genders.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gender differences in pharmacokinetics are largely due to fat percentage , affecting drug distribution; muscle mass is greater in men (B is false), and temperature/subjective factors are less impactful.
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Drug of choice in phenothiazine induced parkinsonism is
- A. Levodopa
- B. Haloperidol
- C. Metoclopramide
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Levodopa counters phenothiazine-induced parkinsonism.
The nurse is preparing to administer an intradermal injection. The nurse would insert the needle at which angle?
- A. 15 degrees
- B. 30 degrees
- C. 45 degrees
- D. 90 degrees
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When giving an intradermal injection, the needle is inserted bevel up at a 15-degree angle. The nurse would insert the needle at a 90-degree angle for an intramuscular injection or for a patient who is obese and requires a subcutaneous injection. Typically a subcutaneous injection is given at a 45-degree angle.
If 10 mg of naproxen produces the same analgesic response as 100 mg of ibuprofen, which of the following statements is correct?
- A. Naproxen is more efficacious than is ibuprofen
- B. Naproxen is more potent than ibuprofen
- C. Naproxen is full agonist, and ibuprofen is a partial agonist
- D. Naproxen is a competitive antagonist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lower dose for the same effect indicates naproxen is more potent (lower EC50) than ibuprofen.
An disorder develops lactic acidosis, and nearly dies, as a result of an uncommon but serious adverse response to therapy with an 'endocrine' drug. Which of the following was the most likely cause of this severe problem?
- A. Insulin glargine, prescribed for Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- B. Levothyroxine, prescribed to maintain euthyroid status following thyroidectomy
- C. Metformin, prescribed for Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- D. Propylthiouracil, prescribed for hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin is the most likely cause of lactic acidosis, a rare but life-threatening complication.
Which of the following antidiabetic agents acts on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) nuclear receptor?
- A. acarbose
- B. glyburide
- C. insulin lispro
- D. pioglitazone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that activates PPAR-gamma, enhancing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.