Nokea
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (FluMist) may be administered to:
- A. All patients over 6 months of age
- B. Patients between ages 2 and 49 with no risk factors
- C. Patients with an upper respiratory infection (URI) or asthma
- D. Pregnant women
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: FluMist is approved for healthy individuals aged 2-49; URI/asthma or pregnancy are contraindications.
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A patient who has a long history of alcohol abuse is admitted to the hospital for detoxification. In addition to medications needed to treat withdrawal symptoms, the nurse will anticipate giving intravenous
- A. dopamine to restore blood pressure
- B. fluid boluses to treat dehydration
- C. glucose to prevent hypoglycemia
- D. thiamine to treat nutritional deficiency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thiamine prevents Wernicke's encephalopathy in alcohol detox; glucose follows if needed. Thiamine should be given to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy in patients treated for alcoholism.
First-generation antihistamines such as loratadine (Claritin) are prescribed for seasonal allergies because they are:
- A. More effective than first-generation antihistamines
- B. Less sedating than the first-generation antihistamines
- C. Prescription products, therefore are covered by insurance
- D. Able to be taken with central nervous system (CNS) sedatives, such as alcohol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loratadine is a second-generation antihistamine, less sedating than first-generation ones; it's not more effective , insurance-driven , or safe with sedatives .
A client with diabetes mellitus visits a health care clinic. The client's diabetes mellitus previously had been well controlled with glyburide (DiaBeta) daily, but recently the fasting blood glucose level has been 180 to 200 mg/dL. Which medication, if added to the client's regimen, may have contributed to the hyperglycemia?
- A. Prednisone
- B. Phenelzine (Nardil)
- C. Atenolol (Tenormin)
- D. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prednisone may decrease the effect of oral hypoglycemics, insulin, diuretics, and potassium supplements. Option 2, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and option 3, a β-blocker, have their own intrinsic hypoglycemic activity. Option 4 decreases urinary excretion of sulfonylurea agents, causing increased levels of the oral agents, which can lead to hypoglycemia.
A 60 year old male patient with a history of postural hypotension has just been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which ONE of the following drugs is most suitable for the management of his condition?
- A. Prazosin
- B. Terazosin
- C. Doxazosin
- D. Tamsulosin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tamsulosin, a selective alpha-1A blocker, minimizes postural hypotension compared to non-selective options.
The volume of distribution (Vd) for a drug highly bound in peripheral tissues would be?
- A. High
- B. Low
- C. Unchanged
- D. Cannot be determined
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A drug highly bound in peripheral tissues has a high Vd, as it distributes extensively beyond plasma, often exceeding total body water (e.g., >0.6 L/kg).