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A client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease has a catastrophic reaction during an activity involving simultaneous playing of music and working on a craft project. The client starts shouting 'no, no, no' and rushes out of the room. The nurse should:

  • A. Isolate the client until she is calm, and then direct her back to the activity
  • B. Follow the client, reassure her, and redirect her to a quieter activity
  • C. Discontinue the activity program since it upsets the clients
  • D. Give the client pm antianxiety medication and restrict her activity participation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The nurse should follow the client, reassure her, and redirect her to a quieter activity. This approach acknowledges the client's feelings and provides support to help her calm down. Isolating the client (Choice A) may escalate the situation and not address the underlying cause of the reaction. Discontinuing the activity program (Choice C) is not the best option as it may limit the client's engagement and therapeutic benefits. Giving medication and restricting activity (Choice D) should be a last resort and not the initial response to a behavioral reaction. In summary, Choice B focuses on comforting and redirecting the client, promoting a positive and supportive environment.

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A child, aged 11 years, stays home from school to care for his siblings while his mother works, because the family cannot afford a babysitter. The home is cluttered and dirty. When asked about his parents, the child reluctantly reveals that he thinks his father does not like him very much because he calls him 'stupid' and says he can never do anything right. This should be assessed as:

  • A. physical abuse.
  • B. sexual abuse.
  • C. emotional abuse.
  • D. economic abuse.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Explanation:
C: Emotional abuse is the correct assessment as the father's behavior of calling the child 'stupid' and criticizing him can cause psychological harm. This behavior undermines the child's self-esteem and mental well-being. The child's reluctance to speak about his parents also indicates emotional distress.

Incorrect choices:
A: Physical abuse involves causing physical harm, which is not evident in the scenario.
B: Sexual abuse involves inappropriate sexual behavior, which is not indicated in the scenario.
D: Economic abuse involves financial control or exploitation, which is not the primary issue in this scenario.

Which statement by a patient with an eating disorder reflects a correct understanding of the condition?

  • A. Gaining 1 pound is as much of a disaster as gaining 100 pounds.
  • B. I was happy when I was a size 4, so I must diet to that size.
  • C. I've been coping with my feelings by overeating.
  • D. Binging is the only way I can soothe myself.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it acknowledges the emotional aspect of eating disorders. Coping with feelings by overeating indicates insight into using food to manage emotions, a common characteristic of eating disorders. This understanding is crucial for addressing the underlying issues contributing to the disorder.

A: Incorrect. This statement suggests an extreme and distorted view of weight gain, which is not reflective of a healthy understanding of an eating disorder.
B: Incorrect. This statement implies a fixation on a specific size for happiness, which may perpetuate disordered eating behaviors.
D: Incorrect. This statement indicates reliance on binging as the sole coping mechanism, overlooking the emotional aspect of the disorder.

The following descriptions of a client's experience and behavior can be assessed as an illusion.

  • A. The client tries to hit the clinical officer when vital signs must be taken
  • B. The client says, 'I keep hearing a voice telling me to run away'
  • C. The clients becomes anxious whenever the clinical officer leaves the bedside
  • D. The client looks at the shadow on a wall and tells the clinical officer she sees frightening faces on the wall
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: An illusion involves misinterpreting a real stimulus (e.g., seeing faces in a shadow), unlike hallucinations, which involve perceiving something not present.

The nurse who works in a sleep clinic knows that approximately ______% of adults suffer from insomnia.

  • A. 10 to 20.
  • B. 30 to 40.
  • C. 50 to 60.
  • D. 70 to 80.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (30 to 40%). Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, affecting around 30-40% of adults. This range reflects the prevalence rates reported in various studies. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they provide prevalence rates that are either too low (A) or too high (C, D) compared to the generally accepted range for insomnia in adults. It is essential for the nurse in a sleep clinic to understand the prevalence of insomnia accurately to provide appropriate care and support to patients.

How does emotional regulation relate to mental development?

  • A. Unrelated
  • B. Enhances cognitive control
  • C. Delays learning
  • D. Increases aggression
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Emotional regulation enhances cognitive control (B), supporting focus and problem-solving, integral to mental development. It's not unrelated (A), doesn't delay learning (C), or inherently increase aggression (D).

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