ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam

ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam Related

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A client had a hemicolectomy performed two days ago. Today, the nurse assessed the incision and discovered a small part of the abdominal viscera protruding through the incision. This complication of wound healing is known as:

  • A. excoriation.
  • B. dehiscence.
  • C. decortication.
  • D. evisceration.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Excoriation is an abrasion of the epidermis, or of any organ coating of the body, caused by trauma, chemicals, burns, or other causes. Dehiscence is a partial to complete separation of the wound edges with no abdominal tissue protrusion. Decortication is removal of the surface layer of an organ or structure, such as removing the fibrinous peel from the visceral pleura in thoracic surgery. Evisceration occurs when the incision separates and the contents of the cavity spill out.

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A client with a long history of smoking is being assessed by a nurse. Which finding is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

  • A. Decreased anteroposterior chest diameter
  • B. Increased breath sounds
  • C. Prolonged expiratory phase
  • D. Increased chest expansion
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. COPD is characterized by airway obstruction, leading to difficulty exhaling.
2. Prolonged expiratory phase is a common finding due to air trapping.
3. This leads to hyperinflation and increased residual volume.
4. Decreased anteroposterior chest diameter is not typical in COPD.
5. Increased breath sounds and chest expansion are not common in COPD.
In summary, choice C is correct because it directly relates to the pathophysiology of COPD, while the other choices are not consistent with the condition.

A client is scheduled for a colonoscopy and receiving education from a healthcare provider. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

  • A. I can have clear liquids up to 2 hours before the procedure.
  • B. I need to take a laxative the night before the procedure.
  • C. I will be sedated during the procedure.
  • D. I should avoid eating solid foods for 24 hours before the procedure.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the statement indicates a need for further teaching. The client should avoid solid foods for a specific period, usually 24 hours, before a colonoscopy to ensure a clear view of the colon. This helps the healthcare provider to perform the procedure effectively and reduces the risk of complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because having clear liquids up to 2 hours before, taking a laxative the night before, and being sedated during the procedure are all standard preparations for a colonoscopy and do not indicate a need for further teaching.

Which of the following are the treatments of a non-severe sty?

  • A. Cold compresses
  • B. Warm soaks
  • C. Limited sensory stimulation
  • D. Incision and drainage
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Warm soaks help reduce inflammation and promote healing of a non-severe sty.

The best treatment for mononucleosis is

  • A. Antibiotics.
  • B. Physical therapy.
  • C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
  • D. Rest and fluids.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rest and hydration are the mainstays of treatment for mononucleosis.

The dying patient and family have many interrelated psychosocial and physical care needs. Which ones can the nurse begin to manage with the patient and family (select all that apply)?

  • A. Anxiety
  • B. Fear of pain
  • C. The dying process
  • D. Anger toward the nurse.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse can address anxiety, fear of pain, and the dying process through education, medication, and emotional support, while anger toward the nurse might require conflict resolution strategies.

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