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A client has a new prescription for a cane. What instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Hold the cane on the weaker side
- B. Ensure the cane has a rubber tip
- C. Keep the cane on the dominant side
- D. Use the cane only on stairs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include is to ensure the cane has a rubber tip. This is important as it prevents slipping and ensures safety while walking. Choice A is incorrect because the cane should be held on the stronger side to provide better support. Choice C is incorrect as the cane should be used on the stronger, not the dominant, side for stability. Choice D is incorrect because a cane can be used for support in various situations, not just on stairs.
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A healthcare professional is planning to administer an intramuscular injection to a client. What muscle should the healthcare professional choose to avoid injury?
- A. Deltoid
- B. Ventrogluteal
- C. Rectus femoris
- D. Dorsogluteal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ventrogluteal muscle is the preferred site for intramuscular injections to avoid injury. Choosing the ventrogluteal site reduces the risk of injury to major nerves and blood vessels, unlike the deltoid, rectus femoris, or dorsogluteal sites. The deltoid muscle is commonly used for vaccines but has a higher risk of injury due to its proximity to the radial nerve. The rectus femoris muscle is not recommended for intramuscular injections due to its location and the risk of injury. The dorsogluteal site is also not recommended as it poses a risk of injury to the sciatic nerve and superior gluteal artery.
A nurse is reviewing the lab report of a client who has been experiencing a fever for the last 3 days. What lab result indicates the client is experiencing fluid volume deficit (FVD)?
- A. Decreased BUN levels
- B. Increased hematocrit
- C. Increased white blood cell count
- D. Decreased hematocrit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased hematocrit. Increased hematocrit indicates hemoconcentration, which is a sign of fluid volume deficit. When there is a decrease in fluid volume in the body, the blood becomes more concentrated, leading to an increase in hematocrit levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because decreased BUN levels, increased white blood cell count, and decreased hematocrit are not indicative of fluid volume deficit.
A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change for a client who has a surgical wound. What should the nurse do to prevent contamination?
- A. Wear non-sterile gloves
- B. Apply sterile gloves over non-sterile gloves
- C. Change gloves if the sterile solution splashes onto the sterile field
- D. Cover the sterile field with a sterile drape
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. If sterile solution splashes onto the sterile field, it is considered contaminated. Changing gloves in this situation ensures that the sterility of the dressing change is maintained. Choice A is incorrect as non-sterile gloves would introduce contaminants. Choice B is incorrect as layering gloves can increase the risk of contamination. Choice D is incorrect as covering the sterile field with a sterile drape is not the appropriate action to take in response to contamination.
A nurse is caring for an older adult who has a nonpalpable skin lesion that is less than 0.5cm (0.2in) in diameter. Which term should the nurse use to document this finding?
- A. Papule
- B. Macule
- C. Nodule
- D. Tumor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Macule. A macule is a flat, nonpalpable skin lesion that is smaller than 1 cm in diameter. In this case, the lesion is less than 0.5cm, fitting the description of a macule. A papule (choice A) is a solid, elevated lesion less than 0.5 cm in diameter. A nodule (choice C) is a solid, elevated lesion that is 0.5 cm or larger in diameter. A tumor (choice D) refers to a mass of abnormal tissue growth, which is not applicable in this scenario.
A nurse is preparing a client for transfer to another unit. Which finding should the nurse include in the transfer report?
- A. Nutritional status
- B. Client's response to pain medication
- C. Daily vital signs
- D. Most recent lab results
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Client's response to pain medication. When transferring a client to another unit, it is crucial to communicate how the client is responding to pain medication to ensure continuity of care and appropriate pain management. While nutritional status, daily vital signs, and most recent lab results are important aspects of the client's care, the client's response to pain medication directly impacts their comfort and well-being during the transfer process.