Nokea
A client has a new prescription for a low-fat diet. Which of the following foods should be recommended?
- A. Bacon
- B. Whole milk
- C. Chicken breast
- D. Cheese
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When following a low-fat diet, it is essential to choose foods that are low in fat. Chicken breast is a lean protein source that is low in fat, making it a suitable option for a low-fat diet. Bacon, whole milk, and cheese are higher in fat content and should be avoided or limited in a low-fat diet. Bacon is high in saturated fat, whole milk contains significant amounts of fat, including saturated fat, and cheese is also high in fat. Therefore, these options are not ideal for a low-fat diet.
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Which of the following statement best describe subjective data?
- A. Measurable by the nurse
- B. Reported by the client
- C. Always accurate
- D. A physical finding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Subjective data is reported by the client (B), per assessment e.g., pain level. Not measurable (A), not always accurate (C), not physical (D) client-based. B best defines subjective's source, making it correct.
Which of the following theorists stressed energy fields in their nursing theory?
- A. Dorothea Orem
- B. Helen Neuman
- C. Rosemarie Parse
- D. Martha E. Rogers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Martha E. Rogers' nursing theory, the Science of Unitary Human Beings, uniquely stresses energy fields, viewing humans and their environments as dynamic, interconnected patterns. Unlike Orem's self-care focus, Neuman's systems approach, or Parse's human becoming perspective, Rogers emphasizes energy exchange like therapeutic touch affecting health. For instance, a nurse might consider environmental energy disruptions when a client's recovery stalls, applying this abstract concept practically. This distinguishes her theory, integrating physics-like principles into nursing to enhance holistic understanding and care.
A client is postoperative following abdominal surgery. Which of the following actions should be taken to prevent respiratory complications?
- A. Instruct the client to exhale into an incentive spirometer
- B. Reposition the client every 8 hours
- C. Assist the client with early ambulation
- D. Maintain the client on bed rest for the first 48 hours
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assisting the client with early ambulation is crucial in preventing respiratory complications after abdominal surgery. Early ambulation helps to prevent conditions like atelectasis and pneumonia by promoting lung expansion and preventing pooling of respiratory secretions. It also aids in improving circulation, reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis, and enhancing overall recovery. Instructing the client to exhale into an incentive spirometer (Choice A) is beneficial for lung expansion but is more focused on respiratory therapy rather than preventing complications. Repositioning the client every 8 hours (Choice B) is important for preventing pressure ulcers but is not directly related to preventing respiratory complications. Maintaining the client on bed rest for the first 48 hours (Choice D) can lead to complications such as atelectasis, pneumonia, and deep vein thrombosis due to decreased lung expansion and mobility.
All of the following characteristics would indicate to the nurse that an elder client might experience undesirable effects of medicines except:
- A. Increased oxidative enzyme levels
- B. Alcohol taken with medication
- C. Medications containing magnesium
- D. Decreased serum albumin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxidative enzyme levels decrease with age, not increase, affecting drug metabolism.
A client with hyperkalemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
- B. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
- C. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
- D. I should decrease my intake of sodium-rich foods.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct! Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. To manage hyperkalemia, it is essential to decrease the intake of potassium-rich foods since excess potassium can worsen the condition. By understanding the need to decrease potassium-rich foods, the client shows comprehension of the dietary management required for hyperkalemia. Choice A is incorrect because increasing potassium-rich foods would exacerbate hyperkalemia. Choice C is incorrect since increasing sodium-rich foods is unrelated to managing hyperkalemia and could potentially lead to other health issues. Choice D is incorrect as decreasing sodium-rich foods is not the primary focus when managing hyperkalemia.